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Python常见的内建函数介绍

所谓的内建函数,可以直接使用,而不需要import。下面这篇文章主要给大家整理介绍了关于Python基础学习之常见的一些内建函数,文中通过示例代码为大家介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考借鉴,下面跟着小编来一起学习学习吧。

>>> def f(x):
...  return x * x
...
L = []
for n in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]:
 L.append(f(n))
print(L) 
>>> r = map(f, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>> list(r)
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] 
>>> list(map(str, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] 
def normalize(name):
  return name.capitalize()

 l1=["adam","LISA","barT"]
 l2=list(map(normalize,l1))
 print(l2) 
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> def fn(x, y):
...  return x * 10 + y
...
>>> reduce(fn, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
12345 
from functools import reduce
def pro (x,y):
  return x * y
 def prod(L):
  return reduce(pro,L)
 print(prod([1,3,5,7])) 
CHAR_TO_FLOAT = {
 '0': 0,'1': 1,'2': 2,'3': 3,'4': 4,'5': 5,'6': 6,'7': 7,'8': 8,'9': 9, '.': -1
}
def str2float(s):
 nums = map(lambda ch:CHAR_TO_FLOAT[ch],s)
 point = 0
 def to_float(f,n):
   nonlocal point
   if n==-1:
    point =1
    return f
   if point ==0:
    return f*10+n
   else:
    point =point *10
    return f + n/point

 return reduce(to_float,nums,0)#第三个参数0是初始值,对应to_float中f 
def is_odd(n):
 return n % 2 == 1

list(filter(is_odd, [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15]))
# 结果: [1, 5, 9, 15] 
def _odd_iter(): 
n = 1
 while True:
  n = n + 2
  yield n
#这是一个生成器,并且是一个无线序列 
def _not_pisible(n):
 return lambda x: x % n > 0 
def primes():
 yield 2
 it = _odd_iter() # 初始序列
 while True:
  n = next(it) # 返回序列的第一个数
  yield n
  it = filter(_not_pisible(n), it) # 构造新序列 
for n in primes():
 if n < 100:
  print(n)
 else:
  break 
>>> sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21])
[-21, -12, 5, 9, 36] 
>>> sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21], key=abs)
[5, 9, -12, -21, 36] 
>>> sorted(['bob', 'about', 'Zoo', 'Credit'], key=str.lower)
['about', 'bob', 'Credit', 'Zoo'] 
>>> sorted(['bob', 'about', 'Zoo', 'Credit'], key=str.lower, reverse=True)
['Zoo', 'Credit', 'bob', 'about'] 
L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]
def by_score(t):
 for i in t:
   return t[1]
L2=sorted(L,key= by_score)
print(L2) 
L2=sorted(L,key=lambda t:t[1])
print(L2) 

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