pythonrequests快速入门介绍

这篇文章主要介绍了python requests 使用快速入门教程,使用 Requests 发送网络请求非常简单，具体操作方法，大家参考下本文吧

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
>>> r = requests.options(http://httpbin.org/get) 

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload) 

>>> print(r.url)
http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1 

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}
>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
>>> print(r.url)
http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2&key2=value3 

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://github测试数据/timeline.json')
>>> r.text
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github测试数据/... 

>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'
>>> r.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1' 

>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github测试数据/... 

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> from io import BytesIO
>>> i = Image.open(BytesIO(r.content)) 

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://github测试数据/timeline.json')
>>> r.json()
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github测试数据/... 

>>> r = requests.get('https://github测试数据/timeline.json', stream=True)
>>> r.raw
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>
>>> r.raw.read(10)
'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03' 

with open(filename, 'wb') as fd:
 for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size):
  fd.write(chunk) 

>>> jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
>>> jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')
>>> jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')
>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"tasty_cookie": "yum"}}' 

>>> r = requests.get('http://github测试数据')
>>> r.url
'https://github测试数据/'
>>> r.status_code
200
>>> r.history
[<Response [301]>] 

>>> r = requests.get('http://github测试数据', allow_redirects=False)
>>> r.status_code
301
>>> r.history
[] 

>>> r = requests.head('http://github测试数据', allow_redirects=True)
>>> r.url
'https://github测试数据/'
>>> r.history
[<Response [301]>] 

>>> requests.get('http://github测试数据', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github测试数据', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001) 

注意

timeout 仅对连接过程有效，与响应体的下载无关。 timeout 并不是整个下载响应的时间限制，而是如果服务器在 timeout 秒内没有应答，将会引发一个异常（更精确地说，是在timeout 秒内没有从基础套接字上接收到任何字节的数据时）If no timeout is specified explicitly, requests do not time out.

错误与异常

遇到网络问题（如：DNS 查询失败、拒绝连接等）时，Requests 会抛出一个 ConnectionError 异常。

如果 HTTP 请求返回了不成功的状态码， Response.raise_for_status() 会抛出一个 HTTPError 异常。

若请求超时，则抛出一个 Timeout 异常。

若请求超过了设定的最大重定向次数，则会抛出一个 TooManyRedirects 异常。

所有Requests显式抛出的异常都继承自 requests.exceptions.RequestException 。

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