本文实例讲述了C#实现基于XML配置MenuStrip菜单的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：
1.关于本程序的说明
用XML配置MenuStrip菜单，本程序只是提供一个思路。程序在Load函数中根据XML文件中的设置动态生成一个MenuStrip组件的Items集合。
程序示例如下：
2.使用到的XML文档示例
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "gb2312" ?>
<!--MenuStrip：mnsMainMenu控件中的各个菜单配置-->
<!--Menu：菜单栏中的各项，Text：显示名称，ShortKey：快捷键-->
< MenuStrip >
< Menu Text = "文件(File)" ShortKey = "Alt+F" >
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "修改窗口颜色" >
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "红色" ShortKey = "Shift+F6"
FunctionAttribute = "ColorToRed" />
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "绿色" ShortKey = "Shift+F7"
FunctionAttribute = "ColorToLawnGreen" />
</ Item >
< Item Type = "Seperator" />
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "普通" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+X"
FunctionAttribute = "FormNormal" />
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "最小化" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+Y"
FunctionAttribute = "FormMinimize" />
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "最大化" ShortKey = "Ctrl+Shift+Z"
FunctionAttribute = "FormMaximize" />
< Item Type = "Seperator" />
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "关闭" ShortKey = "Alt+F4"
FunctionAttribute = "FormClose" />
</ Menu >
< Menu Text = "帮助(Help)" ShortKey = "Alt+F" >
< Item Type = "MenuItem" Text = "关于" FunctionAttribute = "FormAbout" />
</ Menu >
</ MenuStrip >
配置规则：
①.所有的内容都在标签<MenuStrip>中
②.每一个<Menu>标签代表了一个横向的菜单项，其中Text属性是显示的文字，ShortKey属性是选择用的快捷键
③.每一个<Item>标签都在<Menu>或<Item>标签下，表示一个菜单项，菜单项里面可以嵌套其他的Item菜单项。
④.<Item>标签的Type属性代表了此像的类型，分为Seperator和MenuItem两类，前者对应ToolStripItem类，后者对应ToolStripSeparator类
⑤.<Item>标签中，Type属性为MenuItem时，还可以设置Text属性（显示文字）、ShortKey属性（快捷键）、FunctionAttribute属性（生成实例后，单击此菜单项需要调用的函数绑定特性值）
另：在本程序中单击生成后的菜单调用的是一个函数，该函数上方有一个RemarkAttribute特性，FunctionAttribute属性的值如果与之一致则调用该函数。这个特性的设计并不是死的，在本程序中是函数，经过修改后，也可以对应自定义控件、类等。
3.关于程序窗体
程序窗体没有设置其他的属性，只有一个空的MenuStrip，名为mnsMainMenu。窗体的名称为FormMain。
4.程序代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Xml;
using System.Reflection;
namespace Program22
{
public partial class FormMain : Form
{
public FormMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//1.把MenuConfig.xml中的信息反映到菜单mnsMainMenu上
//2.显示文本、快捷键等信息直接添加，FunctionName属性添加到Tag中
//3.通过反射找到对应函数，完成操作
private void Form1_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SetMainMenu( "MenuConfig.xml" );
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置MenuStrip控件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="address"></param>
private void SetMainMenu( string address)
{
//设置前清空MenuStrip中所有项
mnsMainMenu.Items.Clear();
//读取XML文件
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc.Load(address);
XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode( "MenuStrip" );
SetMenu(mnsMainMenu, root);
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置MenuStrip控件第一层菜单及其子菜单
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ms">MenuStrip控件</param>
/// <param name="xnode">XML结点</param>
private void SetMenu(MenuStrip ms, XmlNode xnode)
{
foreach (XmlNode xn in xnode.ChildNodes)
{
XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
ToolStripMenuItem newtsmi = new ToolStripMenuItem(xe.GetAttribute( "Text" ));
//设置快捷键
if ( string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" )))
{
SetShortKey(newtsmi, xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" ));
}
//设置调用函数
if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" )))
{
newtsmi.Tag = xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" );
newtsmi.Click += ToolStripMenuItem_Click;
}
//设置子菜单
if (xn.ChildNodes.Count != 0)
{
SetItem(newtsmi, xn);
}
ms.Items.Add(newtsmi);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置 ToolStripMenuItem 控件及其子菜单（递归设置）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tsmi">ToolStripMenuItem控件</param>
/// <param name="xnode">XML结点</param>
private void SetItem(ToolStripMenuItem tsmi, XmlNode xnode)
{
foreach (XmlNode xn in xnode.ChildNodes)
{
XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
ToolStripMenuItem newtsmi = new ToolStripMenuItem(xe.GetAttribute( "Text" ));
switch (xe.GetAttribute( "Type" ))
{
case "MenuItem" :
{
//设置快捷键
if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" )))
{
SetShortKey(newtsmi, xe.GetAttribute( "ShortKey" ));
}
//设置调用函数
if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(
xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" )))
{
newtsmi.Tag = xe.GetAttribute( "FunctionAttribute" );
newtsmi.Click += ToolStripMenuItem_Click;
}
//设置子菜单
if (xn.ChildNodes.Count != 0)
{
SetItem(newtsmi, xn);
}
tsmi.DropDownItems.Add(newtsmi as ToolStripItem);
} break ;
case "Seperator" :
{
tsmi.DropDownItems.Add( new ToolStripSeparator());
} break ;
default : break ;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过字符串（如"Ctrl+Alt+A"）判断按键信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private void SetShortKey(ToolStripMenuItem tsmi, string key)
{
System.Windows.Forms.Keys result = default (System.Windows.Forms.Keys);
string [] keys = key.Split( '+' );
if (keys.Contains( "Ctrl" )) { result |= Keys.Control; }
if (keys.Contains( "Shift" )) { result |= Keys.Shift; }
if (keys.Contains( "Alt" )) { result |= Keys.Alt; }
if (keys.Contains( "A" )) { result |= Keys.A; }
if (keys.Contains( "B" )) { result |= Keys.B; }
if (keys.Contains( "C" )) { result |= Keys.C; }
if (keys.Contains( "D" )) { result |= Keys.D; }
if (keys.Contains( "E" )) { result |= Keys.E; }
if (keys.Contains( "F" )) { result |= Keys.F; }
if (keys.Contains( "G" )) { result |= Keys.G; }
if (keys.Contains( "H" )) { result |= Keys.H; }
if (keys.Contains( "I" )) { result |= Keys.I; }
if (keys.Contains( "J" )) { result |= Keys.J; }
if (keys.Contains( "K" )) { result |= Keys.K; }
if (keys.Contains( "L" )) { result |= Keys.L; }
if (keys.Contains( "M" )) { result |= Keys.M; }
if (keys.Contains( "N" )) { result |= Keys.N; }
if (keys.Contains( "O" )) { result |= Keys.O; }
if (keys.Contains( "P" )) { result |= Keys.P; }
if (keys.Contains( "Q" )) { result |= Keys.Q; }
if (keys.Contains( "R" )) { result |= Keys.R; }
if (keys.Contains( "S" )) { result |= Keys.S; }
if (keys.Contains( "T" )) { result |= Keys.T; }
if (keys.Contains( "U" )) { result |= Keys.U; }
if (keys.Contains( "V" )) { result |= Keys.V; }
if (keys.Contains( "W" )) { result |= Keys.W; }
if (keys.Contains( "X" )) { result |= Keys.X; }
if (keys.Contains( "Y" )) { result |= Keys.Y; }
if (keys.Contains( "Z" )) { result |= Keys.Z; }
if (keys.Contains( "0" )) { result |= Keys.D0; }
if (keys.Contains( "1" )) { result |= Keys.D1; }
if (keys.Contains( "2" )) { result |= Keys.D2; }
if (keys.Contains( "3" )) { result |= Keys.D3; }
if (keys.Contains( "4" )) { result |= Keys.D4; }
if (keys.Contains( "5" )) { result |= Keys.D5; }
if (keys.Contains( "6" )) { result |= Keys.D6; }
if (keys.Contains( "7" )) { result |= Keys.D7; }
if (keys.Contains( "8" )) { result |= Keys.D8; }
if (keys.Contains( "9" )) { result |= Keys.D9; }
if (keys.Contains( "F1" )) { result |= Keys.F1; }
if (keys.Contains( "F2" )) { result |= Keys.F2; }
if (keys.Contains( "F3" )) { result |= Keys.F3; }
if (keys.Contains( "F4" )) { result |= Keys.F4; }
if (keys.Contains( "F5" )) { result |= Keys.F5; }
if (keys.Contains( "F6" )) { result |= Keys.F6; }
if (keys.Contains( "F7" )) { result |= Keys.F7; }
if (keys.Contains( "F8" )) { result |= Keys.F8; }
if (keys.Contains( "F9" )) { result |= Keys.F9; }
if (keys.Contains( "F10" )) { result |= Keys.F10; }
if (keys.Contains( "F11" )) { result |= Keys.F11; }
if (keys.Contains( "F12" )) { result |= Keys.F12; }
tsmi.ShortcutKeys = result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 特性 RemarkAttribute，用在函数上，其 Remark 属性决定了
/// 积分函数 Integration 应该选择程序中的哪个函数进行计算
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class RemarkAttribute : Attribute
{
string remark;
public string Remark
{
get { return remark; }
}
//构造函数
public RemarkAttribute( string comment)
{
remark = comment;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 单击一个ToolStripMenuItem后触发的事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//如果Tag为空，则不执行任何事件
if ( string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(( string )((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag))
{
return ;
}
//如果Tag存在，则寻找具有和Tag内容一致特性的函数并调用
FunctionInvoke(( string )((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Tag);
}
/// <summary>
/// 调用具有指定特性名的函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="funcattr">函数的RemarkAttribute特性值</param>
private void FunctionInvoke( string funcattr)
{
//需要 using System.Reflection;
MethodInfo[] mi = typeof (FormMain).GetMethods(
BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
//找到具有指定特性的函数，进行调用
foreach (MethodInfo m in mi)
{
Type t2 = typeof (RemarkAttribute);
RemarkAttribute ra = (RemarkAttribute)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(m, t2);
if (ra != null && ra.Remark == funcattr)
{
m.Invoke( this , new object [] { });
break ;
}
}
}
//需要调用的函数
[RemarkAttribute( "ColorToRed" )] //窗口底色：红
private void ChangeColorToRed() { this .BackColor = Color.Red; }
[RemarkAttribute( "ColorToLawnGreen" )] //窗口底色：绿
private void ChangeColorToLawnGreen() { this .BackColor = Color.LawnGreen; }
[RemarkAttribute( "FormNormal" )] //窗口大小：普通
private void ChangeSizeToNrm() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal; }
[RemarkAttribute( "FormMinimize" )] //窗口大小：最小化
private void ChangeSizeToMin() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Minimized; }
[RemarkAttribute( "FormMaximize" )] //窗口大小：最大化
private void ChangeSizeToMax() { this .WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized; }
[RemarkAttribute( "FormClose" )] //退出程序
private void CloseForm() { Application.Exit(); }
[RemarkAttribute( "FormAbout" )] //关于程序
private void AboutForm() { MessageBox.Show( "Write By Tsybius 2014/5/15" ); }
}
}
希望本文所述对大家的C#程序设计有所帮助。
dy("nrwz");
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