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详细解析C#多线程同步事件及等待句柄

最近捣鼓了一下多线程的同步问题,发现其实C#关于多线程同步事件处理还是很灵活,这里主要写一下,自己测试的一些代码,涉及到了AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,当然还有也简要提了一下System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 、System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny和System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll ,下面我们一最初学者的角度来看,多线程之间的同步。

假设有这样的一个场景,主线程开了一个子线程,让子线程等着,等主线程完成了某件事情时再通知子线程去往下执行,这里关键就在于这个怎让子线程等着,主线程怎通知子线程,一般情况下我们不难想到用一个公共变量,于是咱们就有了下面的代码:

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class Class1

   {

     static bool flag = true ;

 

     static void DoWork()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread started, now waiting on event..." );

       while (flag)

       {

 

       }

       Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..." );

     }

 

     static void Main()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "main thread starting worker thread..." );

       Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);

       t.Start();

 

       Console.WriteLine( "main thrad sleeping for 1 second..." );

       Thread.Sleep(1000);

 

       Console.WriteLine( "main thread signaling worker thread..." );

       flag = false ;

     }

   }

}

虽然目的达到了,但是看着这代码就纠结,下面该是我们的主角上场了,AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,关于这两者我们暂且认为是差不多了,稍后我会介绍他们的不同,这里以AutoResetEvent为例,其实很多官方的说法太过于抽象,这里通俗地讲,可以认为AutoResetEvent就是一个公共的变量(尽管它是一个事件),创建的时候可以设置为false,然后在要等待的线程使用它的WaitOne方法,那么线程就一直会处于等待状态,只有这个AutoResetEvent被别的线程使用了Set方法,也就是要发通知的线程使用了它的Set方法,那么等待的线程就会往下执行了,Set就是发信号,WaitOne是等待信号,只有发了信号,等待的才会执行。如果不发的话,WaitOne后面的程序就永远不会执行。好下面看用AutoResetEvent改造上面的程序:

?

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class Class2

   {

     static AutoResetEvent mEvent= new AutoResetEvent( false );

     //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

 

     static void DoWork()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread started, now waiting on event..." );

       mEvent.WaitOne();

       Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..." );

     }

 

     static void Main()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "main thread starting worker thread..." );

       Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);

       t.Start();

 

       Console.WriteLine( "main thrad sleeping for 1 second..." );

       Thread.Sleep(1000);

 

       Console.WriteLine( "main thread signaling worker thread..." );

       mEvent.Set();

     }

   }

}

这时代码是不是清爽多了,这里其实你还会看到,把上面的AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent也是没有问题的,那么它两之间的区别是什么呢?个人认为它们最大的区别在于,无论何时,只要 AutoResetEvent 激活线程,它的状态将自动从终止变为非终止。相反,ManualResetEvent 允许它的终止状态激活任意多个线程,只有当它的 Reset 方法被调用时才还原到非终止状态。开下面的代码:

?

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class Class3

   {

     static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent( false );

     //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

 

     static void DoWork()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread started, now waiting on event..." );

       for ( int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

       {

         mEvent.WaitOne();

         //mEvent.Reset();

         Console.WriteLine( "  worker thread reactivated, now exiting..." );

       }

     }

 

     static void Main()

     {

       Console.WriteLine( "main thread starting worker thread..." );

       Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);

       t.Start();

 

       for ( int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

       {

         Thread.Sleep(1000);

         Console.WriteLine( "main thread signaling worker thread..." );

         mEvent.Set();

       }

     }

   }

}

如果你想仅仅把AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,你发现输出就会乱套了,为什么呢?

假如有autoevent.WaitOne()和manualevent.WaitOne(),当线程得到信号后都得以继续执行。差别就在调用后,autoevent.WaitOne()每次只允许一个线程进入,当某个线程得到信号(也就是有其他线程调用了autoevent.Set()方法后)后,autoevent会自动又将信号置为不发送状态,则其他调用WaitOne的线程只有继续等待,也就是说,autoevent一次只唤醒一个线程。而manualevent则可以唤醒多个线程,当某个线程调用了set方法后,其他调用waitone的线程获得信号得以继续执行,而manualevent不会自动将信号置为不发送,也就是说,除非手工调用了manualevent.Reset()方法,否则manualevent将一直保持有信号状态,manualevent也就可以同时唤醒多个线程继续执行。

在上面代码中,如果将AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,只要要在waitone后面做下reset,就会达到同样的效果。

之后咱们再来个简单的例子:

?

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class Class4

   {

     public static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent( false );

 

     public static void trmain()

     {

       Thread tr = Thread.CurrentThread;

       Console.WriteLine( "thread: waiting for an event" );

       mEvent.WaitOne();

       Console.WriteLine( "thread: got an event" );

       for ( int x = 0; x < 10; x++)

       {

         Thread.Sleep(1000);

         Console.WriteLine(tr.Name + ": " + x);

       }

     }

     static void Main( string [] args)

     {

       Thread thrd1 = new Thread( new ThreadStart(trmain));

       thrd1.Name = "thread1" ;

       thrd1.Start();

       for ( int x = 0; x < 10; x++)

       {

         Thread.Sleep(900);

         Console.WriteLine( "Main:" + x);

         if (5 == x) mEvent.Set();

       }

       while (thrd1.IsAlive)

       {

         Thread.Sleep(1000);

         Console.WriteLine( "Main: waiting for thread to stop" );

       }

     }

   }

}

是不是更有感觉了?之后咱来看看另外几个东东:

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 使线程一直等待,直到单个事件变为终止状态;

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny 阻止线程,直到一个或多个指示的事件变为终止状态;

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll 阻止线程,直到所有指示的事件都变为终止状态。

然后再来个例子,以WaitAll使用为例:

?

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class other

   {

     static void Main( string [] args)

     {

       Random randomGenerator = new Random();

       AutoResetEvent[] resets= new AutoResetEvent[5];

 

       for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

       {

         resets[i] = new AutoResetEvent( false );

         int wTime = randomGenerator.Next(10)+1;

 

         worker w = new worker(wTime, resets[i]);

 

         Thread thrd1 = new Thread( new ThreadStart(w.work));

         thrd1.Start(); 

       }

       WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets);

       Console.WriteLine( "ALL worker done - main exiting." );

     }

 

   }

 

   public class worker

   {

     public string name;

     public int wTime;

     public AutoResetEvent mEvent;

 

     public worker( int w, AutoResetEvent m)

     {

       name = w.ToString();

       wTime = w * 1000;

       mEvent = m;

     }

 

     public void work()

     {

       Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread waiting for " + wTime + "...." );

       Thread.Sleep(wTime);

       Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread back..." );

       mEvent.Set();

     }

   }

}

简单来说就是,开了5个线程,每个线程随机休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主线程退出,这里就开了一个AutoResetEvent数组,主线程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子线程休眠完后就Set1个AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主线程就会往下执行。最后最后再来个买书付款取货的例子,加深理解:

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

 

namespace AutoResetEventTest

{

   class Program

   {

     const int numIterations = 10;

     static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent( false );

     static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent( false );

     //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

     //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

     static int number; //这是关键资源

 

     static void Main()

     {

       Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc));

       payMoneyThread.Name = "付钱线程" ;

       Thread getBookThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart(GetBookProc));

       getBookThread.Name = "取书线程" ;

       payMoneyThread.Start();

       getBookThread.Start();

 

       for ( int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++)

       {

         Console.WriteLine( "买书线程:数量{0}" , i);

         number = i;

         //Signal that a value has been written.

         myResetEvent.Set();

         //ChangeEvent.Set();

         Thread.Sleep(10);

       }

       payMoneyThread.Abort();

       getBookThread.Abort();

     }

 

     static void PayMoneyProc()

     {

       while ( true )

       {

         myResetEvent.WaitOne();

         //myResetEvent.Reset();

         Console.WriteLine( "{0}:数量{1}" , Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);

         ChangeEvent.Set();

       }

     }

     static void GetBookProc()

     {

       while ( true )

       {

         ChangeEvent.WaitOne();

         //ChangeEvent.Reset();        

         Console.WriteLine( "{0}:数量{1}" , Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);

         Console.WriteLine( "------------------------------------------" );

         //Thread.Sleep(0);

       }

     }

   }

}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

dy("nrwz");

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