一、微服务简介
Ⅰ、我对微服务的理解
微服务是软件开发的一种架构方式，由单一的应用小程序构成的小服务；一个软件系统由多个服务组成；在微服务中，服务是细粒度的，协议是轻量级的(部署简单、性能开销小）
Ⅱ、为什么要使用微服务?
随着时代的发展，单体架构(MVC三层模型)越来越不能满足企业的要求；业务规模的不断扩大、团队开发人员的增多，使得单体架构出现了以下几个问题：
(1)部署效率低（比如代码量非常多，依赖的包非常多，那么每一次编译打包、部署测试的时间就会很久）
(2)团队开发成本高（如果某个模块出现问题，可能就要多人修改）
(3)高可用性低（打成war包部署之后，如果某一块出现了问题，其他模块都会受到影响)
(4)一旦代码膨胀(简单了说你写的代码量大，但功能没实现几个，浪费资源)，上线就会变慢
SOA(面向服务编程）便出现了
SOA简介
SOA是一个组件模型，它将应用程序的不同功能单元（称为服务）进行拆分，并通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和协议联系起来。
虽然解决了服务的启动时间，但服务化也有很大的缺点
1、耦合度较高（一个依赖可能另一个模块，另外一个模块又可能依赖其他模块)
2、公司成本高（每一个模块都要由相应的人员或者团队维护)
2014年，随着容器化技术的成熟以及 DevOps 文化的兴起，微服务便应运而生了
微服务的特点
1.服务细粒度
2.协议轻量级
3.部署简单
4.服务的独立维护性
二、spring cloud
Ⅰ、springcloud介绍
springcloud是分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体。
1.分布式/版本化配置
2.服务注册和发现
3.路由
4.服务到服务的通话
5.负载均衡
6.断路器
7.全局锁
8.领导选举和集群状态
9.分布式消息传递
SpringCloud的官网地址：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
Ⅱ、boot和cloud的版本选型
1.进入springcloud官方页面:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
2. LEARN->Reference Doc.
3. 版本选择
三、springcloud初级项目体验
最近发现网络上很多springcloud入门体验都是关于消费-订单的小Demo，那我当然不能落后了（菜是原罪?）
PRE： 模拟服务间调用之流程分析
1、创建一个父项目（统一管理子模块依赖版本）
2、创建第一个子模块-----》订单服务模块
3、创建第二个子模块-----》客户消费模块
3.1、订单服务模块
编写代码之前应该先构思好流程，如果直接就去码代码，码了一会可能又要添添改改；还有可能做完项目之后又要对项目进行重构，这就是没有构思好流程。
1、技术选型
2、业务流程
3、核心业务分析
4、代码优化
…
Ⅱ、创建一个父工程
删除多余的文件，留下一个pom.xml文件
pom文件依赖
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
<modelVersion> 4.0.0 </modelVersion>
<groupId> com.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> springcloud_all </artifactId>
<version> 1.0-SNAPSHOT </version>
<modules>
## 创建了子模块之后会自动加入
## <module> payment-module </module>
</modules>
<packaging> pom </packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding> UTF-8 </project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source> 1.8 </maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target> 1.8 </maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version> 4.13 </junit.version>
<log4j.version> 1.2.17 </log4j.version>
<lombok.version> 1.16.18 </lombok.version>
<mysql.version> 8.0.19 </mysql.version>
<druid.version> 1.2.4 </druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version> 2.1.4 </mybatis.spring.boot.version>
<druid.spring.boot.version> 1.2.4 </druid.spring.boot.version>
<springfox-swagger-ui.version> 2.9.2 </springfox-swagger-ui.version>
<springfox-swagger2.version> 2.9.2 </springfox-swagger2.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2.4.3 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud 2020.0.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-cloud-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2020.0.2 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud alibaba-->
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2021.1 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> mysql </groupId>
<artifactId> mysql-connector-java </artifactId>
<version> ${mysql.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid </artifactId>
<version> ${druid.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.mybatis.spring.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> mybatis-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
<version> ${mybatis.spring.boot.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
<version> ${druid.spring.boot.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger-ui </artifactId>
<version> ${springfox-swagger-ui.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger2 </artifactId>
<version> ${springfox-swagger2.version} </version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-maven-plugin </artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork> true </fork>
<addResources> true </addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Ⅲ、创建子订单模块
右键->New->Module
PaymentApplication启动类
public class PaymentApplication {
public static void main ( String [] args ) {
SpringApplication . run ( PaymentApplication . class , args );
}
}
Ⅲ、子模块代码编写
Ⅲ.Ⅰ、pom.xml
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
<parent>
<artifactId> springcloud_all </artifactId>
<groupId> com.cloud </groupId>
<version> 1.0-SNAPSHOT </version>
</parent>
<modelVersion> 4.0.0 </modelVersion>
<groupId> com.pay </groupId>
<artifactId> payment-module </artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- web+监控-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-web </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-actuator </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.mybatis.spring.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> mybatis-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId> mysql </groupId>
<artifactId> mysql-connector-java </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-jdbc </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-devtools </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.projectlombok </groupId>
<artifactId> lombok </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-test </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger-ui </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger2 </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-devtools </artifactId>
<scope> runtime </scope>
<optional> true </optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Ⅲ.Ⅱ、application.yml 配置文件编写
port : 8081
spring :
application :
name : payment - module
datasource :
type : com . alibaba . druid . pool . DruidDataSource
driver - class - name : com . mysql . cj . jdbc . Driver
url : jdbc : mysql : //localhost:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username : root
password : hao20001010
mybatis :
mapper - locations : classpath : mapper /*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.cloud.entity
Ⅲ.Ⅲ、Controller层编写
import com . cloud . Service . PaymentService ;
import com . cloud . entity . Payment ;
import com . cloud . entity . Result ;
import io . swagger . annotations . Api ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiModel ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiModelProperty ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiOperation ;
import lombok . extern . slf4j . Slf4j ;
import org . slf4j . Logger ;
import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . GetMapping ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . PathVariable ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . PostMapping ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . RestController ;
import javax . annotation . Resource ;
/**
* @author:抱着鱼睡觉的喵喵
* @date:2021/4/18
* @description:
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Api ( value = "《----订单模块----》" )
public class PaymentController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( PaymentController . class );
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService ;
/**
* 创建订单模块
* @api /payment/create
* @param payment Payment实体类
* @return Result<></>
*/
@ApiOperation ( value = "创建订单" )
@PostMapping ( value = "/payment/create" )
public Result create ( @RequestBody Payment payment ) {
int result = paymentService . create ( payment );
logger . info ( "插入结果========》" + result );
if ( result > 0 ) {
return new Result ( 200 , "插入成功" , result );
} else {
return new Result ( 500 , "插入失败" , null );
}
}
/**
* 订单查询模块
* @api /payment/get/{id}
* @param id 编号
* @return Payment实体类
*/
@GetMapping ( value = "/payment/get/{id}" )
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "订单查询" )
public Result getPaymentById ( @PathVariable ( value = "id" ) Integer id ) {
Payment payment = paymentService . getPaymentById ( id );
logger . info ( "订单查询结果=========>" + payment );
if ( payment != null ) {
return new Result ( 200 , "查询成功" , payment );
} else {
logger . error ( "订单插叙失败！请排查原因" );
return new Result ( 500 , "查询失败,无该订单ID:" + id , null );
}
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅳ、service层
int create ( Payment payment );
Payment getPaymentById ( @Param ( "id" ) Integer id );
}
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentMapper paymentMapper ;
@Override
public int create ( Payment payment ) {
return paymentMapper . create ( payment );
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById ( Integer id ) {
return paymentMapper . getPaymentById ( id );
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅴ、mapper层
public interface PaymentMapper {
int create ( Payment payment );
Payment getPaymentById ( @Param ( "id" ) Integer id );
}
Ⅲ.Ⅵ、mapper.xml
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace = "com.cloud.mapper.PaymentMapper" >
<insert id = "create" parameterType = "payment" keyProperty = "id" useGeneratedKeys = "true" >
insert into payment(orders)values(#{orders})
</insert>
<select id = "getPaymentById" parameterType = "payment" resultMap = "BaseResultMap" >
select * from payment where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id = "BaseResultMap" type = "payment" >
<id column = "id" property = "id" jdbcType = "INTEGER" />
<id column = "orders" property = "orders" jdbcType = "VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
</mapper>
Ⅳ、统一结果封装类及其实体类
public class Result < T > implements Serializable {
private Integer code ;
private String message ;
private T data ;
public Result (){}
public Result ( Integer code , String msg ) {
this ( code , msg , null );
}
public Result ( Integer code , String msg , T data ) {
this . code = code ;
this . message = msg ;
this . data = data ;
}
}
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ApiModel ( value = "Payment实体类" )
public class Payment {
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "id" )
private Integer id ;
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "订单信息" )
private String orders ;
}
五、测试
3.2、消费服务模块
消费模块项目结构图
Payment、Result以及ConsumerApplication启动类和上面类似。
PRE：RestTemplate详解
RestTemplate是spring封装的一个服务端远程HTTP请求工具，支持常见的Rest请求（get、post等）
简单了说就是用来远程调用的，因为你订单模块是一个服务，消费模块又是一个单独的服务，两个服务端的端口号要进行交互，所以就有了RestTemplate
RestTemplate是服务端HTTP调用的
Jsonp是客户端调用的
Ⅰ、消费模块application.yml配置
port : 80
Ⅱ、配置类注入RestTemplate
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate () {
return new RestTemplate ();
}
}
@Configuration : 该注解类似于beans
@Bean：当然就类似于bean了
Ⅲ、ConsumerController
@Api ( value = "消费模块" )
public class ConsumerController {
private static final String CONSUMER_URL = "http://localhost:8081" ;
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate ;
@GetMapping ( "/consumer/payment/create" )
@ApiOperation ( value = "模拟添加" )
public Result < Payment > create ( Payment payment ) {
return restTemplate . postForObject ( CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/create" , payment , Result . class );
}
@ApiOperation ( value = "模拟获取" )
@GetMapping ( "/consumer/payment/get/{id}" )
public Result < Payment > getPayment ( @PathVariable ( value = "id" ) Integer id ) {
return restTemplate . getForObject ( CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/get/" + id , Result . class );
}
}
3.3、全局测试
到此结束！
到此这篇关于springcloud初体验(真香)的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关springcloud初体验内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持！
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Kevinnsm/article/details/115770105
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