一、微服务简介
Ⅰ、我对微服务的理解
微服务是软件开发的一种架构方式，由单一的应用小程序构成的小服务；一个软件系统由多个服务组成；在微服务中，服务是细粒度的，协议是轻量级的(部署简单、性能开销小）
Ⅱ、为什么要使用微服务?
随着时代的发展，单体架构(MVC三层模型)越来越不能满足企业的要求；业务规模的不断扩大、团队开发人员的增多，使得单体架构出现了以下几个问题：
(1)部署效率低（比如代码量非常多，依赖的包非常多，那么每一次编译打包、部署测试的时间就会很久）
(2)团队开发成本高（如果某个模块出现问题，可能就要多人修改）
(3)高可用性低（打成war包部署之后，如果某一块出现了问题，其他模块都会受到影响)
(4)一旦代码膨胀(简单了说你写的代码量大，但功能没实现几个，浪费资源)，上线就会变慢
SOA(面向服务编程）便出现了
SOA简介
SOA是一个组件模型，它将应用程序的不同功能单元（称为服务）进行拆分，并通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和协议联系起来。
虽然解决了服务的启动时间，但服务化也有很大的缺点
1、耦合度较高（一个依赖可能另一个模块，另外一个模块又可能依赖其他模块)
2、公司成本高（每一个模块都要由相应的人员或者团队维护)
2014年，随着容器化技术的成熟以及 DevOps 文化的兴起，微服务便应运而生了
微服务的特点
1.服务细粒度
2.协议轻量级
3.部署简单
4.服务的独立维护性
二、spring cloud
Ⅰ、springcloud介绍
springcloud是分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体。
1.分布式/版本化配置
2.服务注册和发现
3.路由
4.服务到服务的通话
5.负载均衡
6.断路器
7.全局锁
8.领导选举和集群状态
9.分布式消息传递
SpringCloud的官网地址：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
Ⅱ、boot和cloud的版本选型
1.进入springcloud官方页面:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
2. LEARN->Reference Doc.
3. 版本选择
三、springcloud初级项目体验
最近发现网络上很多springcloud入门体验都是关于消费-订单的小Demo，那我当然不能落后了（菜是原罪?）
PRE： 模拟服务间调用之流程分析
1、创建一个父项目（统一管理子模块依赖版本）
2、创建第一个子模块-----》订单服务模块
3、创建第二个子模块-----》客户消费模块
3.1、订单服务模块
编写代码之前应该先构思好流程，如果直接就去码代码，码了一会可能又要添添改改；还有可能做完项目之后又要对项目进行重构，这就是没有构思好流程。
1、技术选型
2、业务流程
3、核心业务分析
4、代码优化
…
Ⅱ、创建一个父工程
删除多余的文件，留下一个pom.xml文件
pom文件依赖
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
<modelVersion> 4.0.0 </modelVersion>
<groupId> com.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> springcloud_all </artifactId>
<version> 1.0-SNAPSHOT </version>
<modules>
## 创建了子模块之后会自动加入
## <module> payment-module </module>
</modules>
<packaging> pom </packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding> UTF-8 </project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven测试数据piler.source> 1.8 </maven测试数据piler.source>
<maven测试数据piler.target> 1.8 </maven测试数据piler.target>
<junit.version> 4.13 </junit.version>
<log4j.version> 1.2.17 </log4j.version>
<lombok.version> 1.16.18 </lombok.version>
<mysql.version> 8.0.19 </mysql.version>
<druid.version> 1.2.4 </druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version> 2.1.4 </mybatis.spring.boot.version>
<druid.spring.boot.version> 1.2.4 </druid.spring.boot.version>
<springfox-swagger-ui.version> 2.9.2 </springfox-swagger-ui.version>
<springfox-swagger2.version> 2.9.2 </springfox-swagger2.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2.4.3 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud 2020.0.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-cloud-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2020.0.2 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-cloud alibaba-->
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba.cloud </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies </artifactId>
<version> 2021.1 </version>
<type> pom </type>
<scope> import </scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> mysql </groupId>
<artifactId> mysql-connector-java </artifactId>
<version> ${mysql.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid </artifactId>
<version> ${druid.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.mybatis.spring.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> mybatis-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
<version> ${mybatis.spring.boot.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
<version> ${druid.spring.boot.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger-ui </artifactId>
<version> ${springfox-swagger-ui.version} </version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger2 </artifactId>
<version> ${springfox-swagger2.version} </version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-maven-plugin </artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork> true </fork>
<addResources> true </addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Ⅲ、创建子订单模块
右键->New->Module
PaymentApplication启动类
public class PaymentApplication {
public static void main ( String [] args ) {
SpringApplication . run ( PaymentApplication . class , args );
}
}
Ⅲ、子模块代码编写
Ⅲ.Ⅰ、pom.xml
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
<parent>
<artifactId> springcloud_all </artifactId>
<groupId> com.cloud </groupId>
<version> 1.0-SNAPSHOT </version>
</parent>
<modelVersion> 4.0.0 </modelVersion>
<groupId> com.pay </groupId>
<artifactId> payment-module </artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- web+监控-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-web </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-actuator </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.mybatis.spring.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> mybatis-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> com.alibaba </groupId>
<artifactId> druid-spring-boot-starter </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId> mysql </groupId>
<artifactId> mysql-connector-java </artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-jdbc </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-devtools </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.projectlombok </groupId>
<artifactId> lombok </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-test </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger-ui </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> io.springfox </groupId>
<artifactId> springfox-swagger2 </artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId> org.springframework.boot </groupId>
<artifactId> spring-boot-devtools </artifactId>
<scope> runtime </scope>
<optional> true </optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Ⅲ.Ⅱ、application.yml 配置文件编写
port : 8081
spring :
application :
name : payment - module
datasource :
type : com . alibaba . druid . pool . DruidDataSource
driver - class - name : com . mysql . cj . jdbc . Driver
url : jdbc : mysql : //localhost:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username : root
password : hao20001010
mybatis :
mapper - locations : classpath : mapper /*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.cloud.entity
Ⅲ.Ⅲ、Controller层编写
import com . cloud . Service . PaymentService ;
import com . cloud . entity . Payment ;
import com . cloud . entity . Result ;
import io . swagger . annotations . Api ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiModel ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiModelProperty ;
import io . swagger . annotations . ApiOperation ;
import lombok . extern . slf4j . Slf4j ;
import org . slf4j . Logger ;
import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . GetMapping ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . PathVariable ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . PostMapping ;
import org . springframework . web . bind . annotation . RestController ;
import javax . annotation . Resource ;
/**
* @author:抱着鱼睡觉的喵喵
* @date:2021/4/18
* @description:
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Api ( value = "《----订单模块----》" )
public class PaymentController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( PaymentController . class );
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService ;
/**
* 创建订单模块
* @api /payment/create
* @param payment Payment实体类
* @return Result<></>
*/
@ApiOperation ( value = "创建订单" )
@PostMapping ( value = "/payment/create" )
public Result create ( @RequestBody Payment payment ) {
int result = paymentService . create ( payment );
logger . info ( "插入结果========》" + result );
if ( result > 0 ) {
return new Result ( 200 , "插入成功" , result );
} else {
return new Result ( 500 , "插入失败" , null );
}
}
/**
* 订单查询模块
* @api /payment/get/{id}
* @param id 编号
* @return Payment实体类
*/
@GetMapping ( value = "/payment/get/{id}" )
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "订单查询" )
public Result getPaymentById ( @PathVariable ( value = "id" ) Integer id ) {
Payment payment = paymentService . getPaymentById ( id );
logger . info ( "订单查询结果=========>" + payment );
if ( payment != null ) {
return new Result ( 200 , "查询成功" , payment );
} else {
logger . error ( "订单插叙失败！请排查原因" );
return new Result ( 500 , "查询失败,无该订单ID:" + id , null );
}
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅳ、service层
int create ( Payment payment );
Payment getPaymentById ( @Param ( "id" ) Integer id );
}
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentMapper paymentMapper ;
@Override
public int create ( Payment payment ) {
return paymentMapper . create ( payment );
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById ( Integer id ) {
return paymentMapper . getPaymentById ( id );
}
}
Ⅲ.Ⅴ、mapper层
public interface PaymentMapper {
int create ( Payment payment );
Payment getPaymentById ( @Param ( "id" ) Integer id );
}
Ⅲ.Ⅵ、mapper.xml
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace = "com.cloud.mapper.PaymentMapper" >
<insert id = "create" parameterType = "payment" keyProperty = "id" useGeneratedKeys = "true" >
insert into payment(orders)values(#{orders})
</insert>
<select id = "getPaymentById" parameterType = "payment" resultMap = "BaseResultMap" >
select * from payment where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id = "BaseResultMap" type = "payment" >
<id column = "id" property = "id" jdbcType = "INTEGER" />
<id column = "orders" property = "orders" jdbcType = "VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
</mapper>
Ⅳ、统一结果封装类及其实体类
public class Result < T > implements Serializable {
private Integer code ;
private String message ;
private T data ;
public Result (){}
public Result ( Integer code , String msg ) {
this ( code , msg , null );
}
public Result ( Integer code , String msg , T data ) {
this . code = code ;
this . message = msg ;
this . data = data ;
}
}
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ApiModel ( value = "Payment实体类" )
public class Payment {
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "id" )
private Integer id ;
@ApiModelProperty ( value = "订单信息" )
private String orders ;
}
五、测试
3.2、消费服务模块
消费模块项目结构图
Payment、Result以及ConsumerApplication启动类和上面类似。
PRE：RestTemplate详解
RestTemplate是spring封装的一个服务端远程HTTP请求工具，支持常见的Rest请求（get、post等）
简单了说就是用来远程调用的，因为你订单模块是一个服务，消费模块又是一个单独的服务，两个服务端的端口号要进行交互，所以就有了RestTemplate
RestTemplate是服务端HTTP调用的
Jsonp是客户端调用的
Ⅰ、消费模块application.yml配置
port : 80
Ⅱ、配置类注入RestTemplate
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate () {
return new RestTemplate ();
}
}
@Configuration : 该注解类似于beans
@Bean：当然就类似于bean了
Ⅲ、ConsumerController
@Api ( value = "消费模块" )
public class ConsumerController {
private static final String CONSUMER_URL = "http://localhost:8081" ;
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate ;
@GetMapping ( "/consumer/payment/create" )
@ApiOperation ( value = "模拟添加" )
public Result < Payment > create ( Payment payment ) {
return restTemplate . postForObject ( CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/create" , payment , Result . class );
}
@ApiOperation ( value = "模拟获取" )
@GetMapping ( "/consumer/payment/get/{id}" )
public Result < Payment > getPayment ( @PathVariable ( value = "id" ) Integer id ) {
return restTemplate . getForObject ( CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/get/" + id , Result . class );
}
}
3.3、全局测试
到此结束！
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Kevinnsm/article/details/115770105
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