如何让你的Python代码更加pythonic？

pythonic如果翻译成中文的话就是很python。很+名词结构的用法在中国不少，比如：很娘，很国足，很CCTV等等。·

P vs. NP的示例

链式比较

P:

a = 3
b = 1
1  

NP:

a = 3
b = 1
b >= 1 and b  

真值测试

P:

name = 'Tim'
langs = ['AS3', 'Lua', 'C']
info = {'name': 'Tim', 'sex': 'Male', 'age':23 }    
  
if name and langs and info:
    print('All True!')  #All True! 

NP:

if name != '' and len(langs) > 0 and info != {}:
    print('All True!') #All True! 

字符串反转

P:

def reverse_str( s ):
    return s[::-1] 

NP:

def reverse_str( s ):
    t = ''
    for x in xrange(len(s)-1,-1,-1):
        t += s[x]
    return t 

字符串列表的连接

P:

strList = ["Python", "is", "good"]  
  
res =  ' '.join(strList) #Python is good 

NP:

res = ''
for s in strList:
    res += s + ' '
#Python is good
#最后还有个多余空格 

列表求和，最大值，最小值，乘积

P:

numList = [1,2,3,4,5]   
sum = sum(numList)  #sum = 15
maxNum = max(numList) #maxNum = 5
minNum = min(numList) #minNum = 1
from operator import mul
prod = reduce(mul, numList, 1) #prod = 120 默认值传1以防空列表报错 

NP:

sum = 0
maxNum = -float('inf')
minNum = float('inf')
prod = 1
for num in numList:
    if num > maxNum:
        maxNum = num
    if num  

列表推导式

P:

l = [x*x for x in range(10) if x % 3 == 0]
#l = [0, 9, 36, 81] 

NP:

l = []
for x in range(10):
    if x % 3 == 0:
        l.append(x*x)
#l = [0, 9, 36, 81] 

字典的默认值

P:

dic = {'name':'Tim', 'age':23}  
  
dic['workage'] = dic.get('workage',0) + 1
#dic = {'age': 23, 'workage': 1, 'name': 'Tim'} 

NP:

if 'workage' in dic:
    dic['workage'] += 1
else:
    dic['workage'] = 1
#dic = {'age': 23, 'workage': 1, 'name': 'Tim'} 

for…else…语句

P:

for x in xrange(1,5):
    if x == 5:
        print 'find 5'
        break
else:
    print 'can not find 5!'
#can not find 5! 

NP:

find = False
for x in xrange(1,5):
    if x == 5:
        find = True
        print 'find 5'
        break
if not find:
    print 'can not find 5!'
#can not find 5! 

三元符的替代

P:

a = 3  
  
b = 2 if a > 2 else 1
#b = 2 

NP:

if a > 2:
    b = 2
else:
    b = 1
#b = 2 

Enumerate

P:

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  
for i, e in enumerate(array,0):
    print i, e
#0 1
#1 2
#2 3
#3 4
#4 5 

NP:

for i in xrange(len(array)):
    print i, array[i]
#0 1
#1 2
#2 3
#3 4
#4 5 

使用zip创建键值对

P:

keys = ['Name', 'Sex', 'Age']
values = ['Tim', 'Male', 23]
  
dic = dict(zip(keys, values))
#{'Age': 23, 'Name': 'Tim', 'Sex': 'Male'} 

NP:

dic = {}
for i,e in enumerate(keys):
    dic[e] = values[i]
#{'Age': 23, 'Name': 'Tim', 'Sex': 'Male'} 

zip方法返回的是一个元组，用它来创建键值对，简单明了。

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