'''
Created on 2012-3-13
Get Page using GET method
Default using HTTP Protocol , http port 80
@author: xiaojay
'''
import socket
import statistics
import datetime
import threading
socket.setdefaulttimeout(statistics.timeout)
class Error404(Exception):
'''Can not find the page.'''
pass
class ErrorOther(Exception):
'''Some other exception'''
def __init__(self,code):
#print 'Code :',code
pass
class ErrorTryTooManyTimes(Exception):
'''try too many times'''
pass
def downPage(hostname ,filename , trytimes=0):
try :
#To avoid too many tries .Try times can not be more than max_try_times
if trytimes >= statistics.max_try_times :
raise ErrorTryTooManyTimes
except ErrorTryTooManyTimes :
return statistics.RESULTTRYTOOMANY,hostname+filename
try:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
#DNS cache
if statistics.DNSCache.has_key(hostname):
addr = statistics.DNSCache[hostname]
else:
addr = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
statistics.DNSCache[hostname] = addr
#connect to http server ,default port 80
s.connect((addr,80))
msg = 'GET '+filename+' HTTP/1.0\r\n'
msg += 'Host: '+hostname+'\r\n'
msg += 'User-Agent:xiaojay\r\n\r\n'
code = ''
f = None
s.sendall(msg)
first = True
while True:
msg = s.recv(40960)
if not len(msg):
if f!=None:
f.flush()
f.close()
break
# Head information must be in the first recv buffer
if first:
first = False
headpos = msg.index("\r\n\r\n")
code,other = dealwithHead(msg[:headpos])
if code=='200':
#statistics.fetched_url += 1
f = open('pages/'+str(abs(hash(hostname+filename))),'w')
f.writelines(msg[headpos+4:])
elif code=='301' or code=='302':
#if code is 301 or 302 , try down again using redirect location
if other.startswith("http") :
hname, fname = parse(other)
downPage(hname,fname,trytimes+1)#try again
else :
downPage(hostname,other,trytimes+1)
elif code=='404':
raise Error404
else :
raise ErrorOther(code)
else:
if f!=None :f.writelines(msg)
s.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
s.close()
return statistics.RESULTFETCHED,hostname+filename
except Error404 :
return statistics.RESULTCANNOTFIND,hostname+filename
except ErrorOther:
return statistics.RESULTOTHER,hostname+filename
except socket.timeout:
return statistics.RESULTTIMEOUT,hostname+filename
except Exception, e:
return statistics.RESULTOTHER,hostname+filename
def dealwithHead(head):
'''deal with HTTP HEAD'''
lines = head.splitlines()
fstline = lines[0]
code =fstline.split()[1]
if code == '404' : return (code,None)
if code == '200' : return (code,None)
if code == '301' or code == '302' :
for line in lines[1:]:
p = line.index(':')
key = line[:p]
if key=='Location' :
return (code,line[p+2:])
return (code,None)
def parse(url):
'''Parse a url to hostname+filename'''
try:
u = url.strip().strip('\n').strip('\r').strip('\t')
if u.startswith('http://') :
u = u[7:]
elif u.startswith('https://'):
u = u[8:]
if u.find(':80')>0 :
p = u.index(':80')
p2 = p + 3
else:
if u.find('/')>0:
p = u.index('/')
p2 = p
else:
p = len(u)
p2 = -1
hostname = u[:p]
if p2>0 :
filename = u[p2:]
else : filename = '/'
return hostname, filename
except Exception ,e:
print "Parse wrong : " , url
print e
def PrintDNSCache():
'''print DNS dict'''
n = 1
for hostname in statistics.DNSCache.keys():
print n,'\t',hostname, '\t',statistics.DNSCache[hostname]
n+=1
def dealwithResult(res,url):
'''Deal with the result of downPage'''
statistics.total_url+=1
if res==statistics.RESULTFETCHED :
statistics.fetched_url+=1
print statistics.total_url , '\t fetched :', url
if res==statistics.RESULTCANNOTFIND :
statistics.failed_url+=1
print "Error 404 at : ", url
if res==statistics.RESULTOTHER :
statistics.other_url +=1
print "Error Undefined at : ", url
if res==statistics.RESULTTIMEOUT :
statistics.timeout_url +=1
print "Timeout ",url
if res==statistics.RESULTTRYTOOMANY:
statistics.trytoomany_url+=1
print e ,"Try too many times at", url
if __name__=='__main__':
print 'Get Page using GET method' '''
Created on 2012-3-16
@author: xiaojay
'''
import fetchPage
import threadpool
import datetime
import statistics
import urllib2
'''one thread'''
def usingOneThread(limit):
urlset = open("input.txt","r")
start = datetime.datetime.now()
for u in urlset:
if limit <= 0 : break
limit-=1
hostname , filename = parse(u)
res= fetchPage.downPage(hostname,filename,0)
fetchPage.dealwithResult(res)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print "Start at :\t" , start
print "End at :\t" , end
print "Total Cost :\t" , end - start
print 'Total fetched :', statistics.fetched_url
'''threadpoll and GET method'''
def callbackfunc(request,result):
fetchPage.dealwithResult(result[0],result[1])
def usingThreadpool(limit,num_thread):
urlset = open("input.txt","r")
start = datetime.datetime.now()
main = threadpool.ThreadPool(num_thread)
for url in urlset :
try :
hostname , filename = fetchPage.parse(url)
req = threadpool.WorkRequest(fetchPage.downPage,args=[hostname,filename],kwds={},callback=callbackfunc)
main.putRequest(req)
except Exception:
print Exception.message
while True:
try:
main.poll()
if statistics.total_url >= limit : break
except threadpool.NoResultsPending:
print "no pending results"
break
except Exception ,e:
print e
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print "Start at :\t" , start
print "End at :\t" , end
print "Total Cost :\t" , end - start
print 'Total url :',statistics.total_url
print 'Total fetched :', statistics.fetched_url
print 'Lost url :', statistics.total_url - statistics.fetched_url
print 'Error 404 :' ,statistics.failed_url
print 'Error timeout :',statistics.timeout_url
print 'Error Try too many times ' ,statistics.trytoomany_url
print 'Error Other faults ',statistics.other_url
main.stop()
'''threadpool and urllib2 '''
def downPageUsingUrlib2(url):
try:
req = urllib2.Request(url)
fd = urllib2.urlopen(req)
f = open("pages3/"+str(abs(hash(url))),'w')
f.write(fd.read())
f.flush()
f.close()
return url ,'success'
except Exception:
return url , None
def writeFile(request,result):
statistics.total_url += 1
if result[1]!=None :
statistics.fetched_url += 1
print statistics.total_url,'\tfetched :', result[0],
else:
statistics.failed_url += 1
print statistics.total_url,'\tLost :',result[0],
def usingThreadpoolUrllib2(limit,num_thread):
urlset = open("input.txt","r")
start = datetime.datetime.now()
main = threadpool.ThreadPool(num_thread)
for url in urlset :
try :
req = threadpool.WorkRequest(downPageUsingUrlib2,args=[url],kwds={},callback=writeFile)
main.putRequest(req)
except Exception ,e:
print e
while True:
try:
main.poll()
if statistics.total_url >= limit : break
except threadpool.NoResultsPending:
print "no pending results"
break
except Exception ,e:
print e
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print "Start at :\t" , start
print "End at :\t" , end
print "Total Cost :\t" , end - start
print 'Total url :',statistics.total_url
print 'Total fetched :', statistics.fetched_url
print 'Lost url :', statistics.total_url - statistics.fetched_url
main.stop()
if __name__ =='__main__':
'''too slow'''
#usingOneThread(100)
'''use Get method'''
#usingThreadpool(3000,50)
'''use urllib2'''
usingThreadpoolUrllib2(3000,50) 下载页面的物理存储大小：87168kb
小结： 自己写的下载页面程序，效率还是很不错的，而且丢失的页面也较少。但其实自己考虑一下，还是有很多地方可以优化的，比如文件过于分散，过多的小文件创建和释放定会产生不小的性能开销，而且程序里用的是hash命名，也会产生很多的计算，如果有好的策略，其实这些开销都是可以省略的。另外DNS，也可以不使用python自带的DNS解析，因为默认的DNS解析都是同步的操作，而DNS解析一般比较耗时，可以采取多线程的异步的方式进行，再加以适当的DNS缓存很大程度上可以提高效率。不仅如此，在实际的页面抓取过程中，会有大量的url ，不可能一次性把它们存入内存，而应该按照一定的策略或是算法进行合理的分配。 总之，采集页面要做的东西以及可以优化的东西，还有很多很多。
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