算法的步骤图：
可以看到，第三轮的候选集发生了明显的缩小，这是为什么呢？
请注意取候选集的两个条件：
1.两个K项集能够连接的两个条件是，它们有K-1项是相同的。所以，（I2，I4）和（I3，I5）这种是不能够进行连接的。缩小了候选集。
2.如果一个项集是频繁集，那么它不存在不是子集的频繁集。比如（I1，I2）和（I1，I4）得到（I1，I2，I4），而（I1，I2，I4）存在子集（I1，I4）不是频繁集。缩小了候选集。
第三轮得到的 2个候选集，正好支持度等于最小支持度。所以，都算入频繁集。
这时再看第四轮的候选集与频繁集结果 为空
可以看到，候选集和频繁集居然为空了！因为通过第三轮得到的频繁集自连接得到 {I1，I2，I3，I5}，它拥有子集{I2,I3,I5}，而{I2,I3,I5}不是频繁集，不满足：频繁集的子集也是频繁集这一条件，所以被剪枝剪掉了。所以整个算法终止，取最后一次计算得到的频繁集作为最终的频繁集结果：
也就是： ['I1,I2,I3', 'I1,I2,I5']
四、代码：
编写Python代码实现Apriori算法。代码需要注意如下两点：
由于Apriori算法假定项集中的项是按字典序排序的，而集合本身是无序的，所以我们在必要时需要进行set和list的转换； 由于要使用字典（support_data）记录项集的支持度，需要用项集作为key，而可变集合无法作为字典的key，因此在合适时机应将项集转为固定集合frozenset。def local_data(file_path): import pandas as pd dt = pd.read_excel(file_path) data = dt['con'] locdata = [] for i in data: locdata.append(str(i).split(",")) # print(locdata) # change to [[1,2,3],[1,2,3]] length = [] for i in locdata: length.append(len(i)) # 计算长度并存储 # print(length) ki = length[length.index(max(length))] # print(length[length.index(max(length))]) # length.index(max(length)读取最大值的位置，然后再定位取出最大值 return locdata,kidef create_C1(data_set): """ Create frequent candidate 1-itemset C1 by scaning data set. Args: data_set: A list of transactions. Each transaction contains several items. Returns: C1: A set which contains all frequent candidate 1-itemsets """ C1 = set() for t in data_set: for item in t: item_set = frozenset([item]) C1.add(item_set) return C1def is_apriori(Ck_item, Lksub1): """ Judge whether a frequent candidate k-itemset satisfy Apriori property. Args: Ck_item: a frequent candidate k-itemset in Ck which contains all frequent candidate k-itemsets. Lksub1: Lk-1, a set which contains all frequent candidate (k-1)-itemsets. Returns: True: satisfying Apriori property. False: Not satisfying Apriori property. """ for item in Ck_item: sub_Ck = Ck_item - frozenset([item]) if sub_Ck not in Lksub1: return False return Truedef create_Ck(Lksub1, k): """ Create Ck, a set which contains all all frequent candidate k-itemsets by Lk-1's own connection operation. Args: Lksub1: Lk-1, a set which contains all frequent candidate (k-1)-itemsets. k: the item number of a frequent itemset. Return: Ck: a set which contains all all frequent candidate k-itemsets. """ Ck = set() len_Lksub1 = len(Lksub1) list_Lksub1 = list(Lksub1) for i in range(len_Lksub1): for j in range(1, len_Lksub1): l1 = list(list_Lksub1[i]) l2 = list(list_Lksub1[j]) l1.sort() l2.sort() if l1[0:k-2] == l2[0:k-2]: Ck_item = list_Lksub1[i] | list_Lksub1[j] # pruning if is_apriori(Ck_item, Lksub1): Ck.add(Ck_item) return Ckdef generate_Lk_by_Ck(data_set, Ck, min_support, support_data): """ Generate Lk by executing a delete policy from Ck. Args: data_set: A list of transactions. Each transaction contains several items. Ck: A set which contains all all frequent candidate k-itemsets. min_support: The minimum support. support_data: A dictionary. The key is frequent itemset and the value is support. Returns: Lk: A set which contains all all frequent k-itemsets. """ Lk = set() item_count = {} for t in data_set: for item in Ck: if item.issubset(t): if item not in item_count: item_count[item] = 1 else: item_count[item] += 1 t_num = float(len(data_set)) for item in item_count: if (item_count[item] / t_num) >= min_support: Lk.add(item) support_data[item] = item_count[item] / t_num return Lkdef generate_L(data_set, k, min_support): """ Generate all frequent itemsets. Args: data_set: A list of transactions. Each transaction contains several items. k: Maximum number of items for all frequent itemsets. min_support: The minimum support. Returns: L: The list of Lk. support_data: A dictionary. The key is frequent itemset and the value is support. """ support_data = {} C1 = create_C1(data_set) L1 = generate_Lk_by_Ck(data_set, C1, min_support, support_data) Lksub1 = L1.copy() L = [] L.append(Lksub1) for i in range(2, k+1): Ci = create_Ck(Lksub1, i) Li = generate_Lk_by_Ck(data_set, Ci, min_support, support_data) Lksub1 = Li.copy() L.append(Lksub1) return L, support_datadef generate_big_rules(L, support_data, min_conf): """ Generate big rules from frequent itemsets. Args: L: The list of Lk. support_data: A dictionary. The key is frequent itemset and the value is support. min_conf: Minimal confidence. Returns: big_rule_list: A list which contains all big rules. Each big rule is represented as a 3-tuple. """ big_rule_list = [] sub_set_list = [] for i in range(0, len(L)): for freq_set in L[i]: for sub_set in sub_set_list: if sub_set.issubset(freq_set): conf = support_data[freq_set] / support_data[freq_set - sub_set] big_rule = (freq_set - sub_set, sub_set, conf) if conf >= min_conf and big_rule not in big_rule_list: # print freq_set-sub_set, " => ", sub_set, "conf: ", conf big_rule_list.append(big_rule) sub_set_list.append(freq_set) return big_rule_listif __name__ == "__main__": """ Test """ file_path = "test_aa.xlsx" data_set,k = local_data(file_path) L, support_data = generate_L(data_set, k, min_support=0.2) big_rules_list = generate_big_rules(L, support_data, min_conf=0.4) print(L) for Lk in L: if len(list(Lk)) == 0: break print("="*50) print("frequent " + str(len(list(Lk)[0])) + "-itemsets\t\tsupport") print("="*50) for freq_set in Lk: print(freq_set, support_data[freq_set]) print() print("Big Rules") for item in big_rules_list: print(item[0], "=>", item[1], "conf: ", item[2])文件格式：
test_aa.xlsx
name con T1 2,3,5T2 1,2,4T3 3,5T5 2,3,4T6 2,3,5T7 1,2,4T8 3,5T9 2,3,4T10 1,2,3,4,5相关免费学习推荐： python视频教程
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如何理解关联规则apriori算法
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