本文是利用shapmap实现gis的简单应用的小例子，以供学习分享使用。关于sharpmap的说明，网上大多是以shapefile为例进行简单的说明，就连官网上的例子也不多。本文是自己参考了源代码进行整理的，主要是winform的例子。原理方面本文也不过多论述，主要是实例演示，需要的朋友还是以sharpmap源码进行深入研究。
什么是sharpmap ?
sharpmap是一个基于.net 2.0使用c#开发的map渲染类库，可以渲染各类gis数据（目前支持esri shape和postgis格式），可应用于桌面和web程序。代码行数近10000行，可以算是一个实现了最基本功能的gis系统，有利于研究学习使用。
涉及知识点：
sharpmap的基本概念：layer(图层,常用图层：vectorlayer,labellayer) ， iprovider(数据提供者,常用数据源：ogr(对应mapinfo),shapfile,datatablepoint(对应dataset)) 坐标转换：主要用于经纬度和地图坐标的转换。sharpmap知识结构图：
效果图如下：
（一）车辆轨迹图：数据源：excel数据
（二）定点数据（数据源：excel）将河南省十七个城市，全部插上小红旗
（三）使用mapinfo做背景文件（此处通过程序调整了比例尺）
（四）使用shapfile做背景图
核心代码
using brutile.predefined;
using geoapi.coordinatesystems.transformations;
using projnet.coordinatesystems;
using projnet.coordinatesystems.transformations;
using sharpmap;
using sharpmap.data.providers;
using sharpmap.layers;
using sharpmap.rendering;
using sharpmap.rendering.thematics;
using sharpmap.styles;
using system;
using system.collections.generic;
using system.data;
using system.data.oledb;
using system.drawing;
using system.drawing.drawing2d;
using system.drawing.text;
using system.linq;
using system.text;
using point = geoapi.geometries.coordinate;
namespace demosharpmap
{
public class sharpmaphelper
{
private const string xlsconnectionstring = "provider={2};data source={0}\\{1};extended properties=\"excel 8.0;hdr=yes;imex=1\"" ;
public static map initializemap(maptype tt,float angle)
{
map map = null;
switch (tt)
{
case maptype.runline:
map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);
break ;
case maptype.mapinfo:
map = initializemapinfo(angle);
break ;
case maptype.shapefile:
map = initializemaporig(angle);
break ;
case maptype.static:
map = initializemaposmwithxls2(angle);
break ;
default:
map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);
break ;
}
return map;
}
/// <summary>
/// mapinfo格式的地图文件
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "angle" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static map initializemapinfo(float angle)
{
//initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
map map = new map();
//set up the countries layer
vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer( "countries" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
try
{
laycountries.datasource = new ogr( "geodata/mapinfo/countriesmapinfo.tab" );
}
catch (typeinitializationexception ex)
{
if (ex.message == "the type initializer for 'osgeo.ogr.ogr' threw an exception." )
{
throw new exception(
string. format (
"the application threw a pinvoke exception. you probably need to copy the unmanaged dll's to your bin directory. they are a part of fwtools {0}. you can download it from: http://home.gdal.org/fwtools/" ,
gdalrasterlayer.fwtoolsversion));
}
throw;
}
//set fill-style to green
laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.green);
//set the polygons to have a black outline
laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;
laycountries.style.enableoutline = true ;
laycountries.srid = 4326;
//set up a river layer
vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer( "rivers" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
layrivers.datasource = new ogr( "geodata/mapinfo/riversmapinfo.tab" );
//define a blue 1px wide pen
layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);
layrivers.srid = 4326;
//set up a river layer
vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer( "cities" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
laycities.datasource = new ogr( "geodata/mapinfo/citiesmapinfo.tab" );
laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;
laycities.maxvisible = 40;
laycities.srid = 4326;
//set up a country label layer
labellayer laylabel = new labellayer( "country labels" );
laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;
laylabel.enabled = true ;
laylabel.labelcolumn = "name" ;
laylabel.style = new labelstyle();
laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;
laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);
laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));
laylabel.maxvisible = 90;
laylabel.minvisible = 30;
laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;
laylabel.srid = 4326;
laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;
//set up a city label layer
labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer( "city labels" );
laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;
laycitylabel.enabled = true ;
laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name" ;
laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();
laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;
laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);
laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;
laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;
laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;
laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);
laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);
laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;
laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;
laycitylabel.srid = 4326;
laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true ;
//add the layers to the map object.
//the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
map.layers.add(laycountries);
map.layers.add(layrivers);
map.layers.add(laycities);
map.layers.add(laylabel);
map.layers.add(laycitylabel);
// 增加layers
var xlspath = string. format (xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls" , properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities" );
//var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
//transcoordinate (ds, ct);
string columename = "rotation" ;
//add rotation column
addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow); //set up provider
map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre; // new point(0, 0);
map.mapscale = 350;
//map .center = new point(0, 0);
//_ogrsampledataset = "mapinfo" ;
//matrix mat = new matrix();
//mat .rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));
//map .maptransform = mat;
//map .zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
return map;
}
/// <summary>
/// shapefile
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "angle" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static map initializemaporig(float angle)
{
//initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
map map = new map();
//set up the countries layer
vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer( "countries" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
laycountries.datasource = new shapefile( "geodata/world/countries.shp" , true );
//set fill-style to green
laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(64, color.green));
//set the polygons to have a black outline
laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;
laycountries.style.enableoutline = true ;
laycountries.srid = 4326;
//set up a river layer
vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer( "rivers" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
layrivers.datasource = new shapefile( "geodata/world/rivers.shp" , true );
//define a blue 1px wide pen
layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);
layrivers.srid = 4326;
//set up a cities layer
vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer( "cities" );
//set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
laycities.datasource = new shapefile( "geodata/world/cities.shp" , true );
laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;
laycities.maxvisible = 40;
laycities.srid = 4326;
//set up a country label layer
labellayer laylabel = new labellayer( "country labels" );
laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;
laylabel.enabled = true ;
laylabel.labelcolumn = "name" ;
laylabel.style = new labelstyle();
laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;
laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);
laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));
laylabel.maxvisible = 90;
laylabel.minvisible = 30;
laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;
laylabel.srid = 4326;
laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;
laylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
laylabel.style.collisiondetection = true ;
laylabel.labelpositiondelegate = fdr => fdr.geometry.interiorpoint.coordinate;
laylabel.prioritycolumn = "popdens" ;
//set up a city label layer
labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer( "city labels" );
laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;
laycitylabel.enabled = true ;
laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name" ;
laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();
laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;
laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);
laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;
laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;
laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;
laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);
laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);
laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;
laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;
laycitylabel.srid = 4326;
laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true ;
laycitylabel.prioritycolumn = "population" ;
laycitylabel.theme = new gradienttheme(laycitylabel.prioritycolumn, 250000, 5000000,
new labelstyle
{
maxvisible = 10,
collisionbuffer = new size(0, 0),
collisiondetection = true ,
enabled = true ,
forecolor = color.lightslategray,
halo = new pen(color.silver, 1),
horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 8f, fontstyle.regular)
},
new labelstyle
{
maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible,
collisionbuffer = new size(3, 3),
collisiondetection = true ,
enabled = true ,
forecolor = color.lightslategray,
halo = new pen(color.silver, 5),
horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 16f, fontstyle.bold)
});
bool ignorelength = false ;
var layriverlabel = new labellayer( "river labels" )
{
datasource = layrivers.datasource,
enabled = true ,
labelcolumn = "name" ,
textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias,
smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias,
srid = 4326,
labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection,
multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum测试数据moncenter,
style =
new labelstyle
{
forecolor = color.darkblue,
font = new font(fontfamily.genericsansserif, 11),
horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
//collisiondetection = true ,
halo = new pen(color.azure, 2),
ignorelength = ignorelength,
offset = new pointf(0, -10)
},
};
//add the layers to the map object.
//the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
//map .backgroundlayer.add(asynclayerproxylayer.create(laycountries));
map.layers.add(laycountries);
map.layers.add(layrivers);
map.layers.add(laycities);
map.layers.add(laylabel);
map.layers.add(laycitylabel);
map.layers.add(layriverlabel);
// 增加layers
var xlspath = string. format (xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls" , properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities" );
//var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
//transcoordinate (ds, ct);
string columename = "rotation" ;
//add rotation column
addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow); //set up provider
map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
//limit the zoom to 360 degrees width
//map .maximumzoom = 360;
//map .backcolor = color.lightblue;
//map .zoom = 360;
map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre; // new point(0, 0);
map.mapscale = 350;
//matrix mat = new matrix();
//mat .rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));
//map .maptransform = mat;
//map .zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
return map;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在线显示，圆点显示轨迹
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "angle" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static map initializemaposmwithxls(float angle)
{
var map = new map();
var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(
knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls" );
tilelayer.srid = 4326;
map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);
//get data from excel
var xlspath = string. format (xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\cities.xls" , properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities" );
var ds1 = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities2" );
var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
transcoordinate(ds, ct);
transcoordinate(ds1, ct);
string columename = "rotation" ;
//add rotation column
addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
addcolumetodataset(ds1, columename, -angle);
var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset(ds, color.greenyellow); //set up provider
map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
var xlslayer1 = getlayerfromdataset(ds1, color.red);
map.layers.add(xlslayer1);
var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel" );
xlslabellayer.theme = new sharpmap.rendering.thematics.fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };
map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);
map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope.expandedby(xlslayer1.envelope));
return map;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在线显示，图标显示轨迹
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "angle" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static map initializemaposmwithxls2(float angle)
{
var map = new map();
var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(
knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls" );
tilelayer.srid = 4326;
map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);
//get data from excel
var xlspath = string. format (xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls" , properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities" );
var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
transcoordinate(ds, ct);
string columename = "rotation" ;
//add rotation column
addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow); //set up provider
map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel" );
xlslabellayer.theme = new fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };
map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);
map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
return map;
}
/// <summary>
/// 从excel中读取数据
/// < /summary >
private static dataset getdatafromexcel(string xlspath, string sheetname)
{
dataset ds = new dataset( "xls" );
string sql = string. format ( "select * from [{0}$];" , sheetname);
using (var cn = new oledbconnection(xlspath))
{
cn. open ();
using (var da = new oledbdataadapter(new oledbcommand(sql, cn)))
{
da.fill(ds);
}
}
return ds;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取坐标转换对象
/// < /summary >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static icoordinatetransformation getcoordinatetransformation()
{
//the srs for this datasource is epsg:4326, therefore we need to transfrom it to osm projection
var ctf = new coordinatetransformationfactory();
var cf = new coordinatesystemfactory();
var epsg4326 = cf.createfromwkt( "geogcs[\"wgs 84\",datum[\"wgs_1984\",spheroid[\"wgs 84\",6378137,298.257223563,authority[\"epsg\",\"7030\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"6326\"]],primem[\"greenwich\",0,authority[\"epsg\",\"8901\"]],unit[\"degree\",0.01745329251994328,authority[\"epsg\",\"9122\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"4326\"]]" );
var epsg3857 = cf.createfromwkt( "projcs[\"popular visualisation crs / mercator\", geogcs[\"popular visualisation crs\", datum[\"popular visualisation datum\", spheroid[\"popular visualisation sphere\", 6378137, 0, authority[\"epsg\",\"7059\"]], towgs84[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], authority[\"epsg\",\"6055\"]],primem[\"greenwich\", 0, authority[\"epsg\", \"8901\"]], unit[\"degree\", 0.0174532925199433, authority[\"epsg\", \"9102\"]], axis[\"e\", east], axis[\"n\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"4055\"]], projection[\"mercator\"], parameter[\"false_easting\", 0], parameter[\"false_northing\", 0], parameter[\"central_meridian\", 0], parameter[\"latitude_of_origin\", 0], unit[\"metre\", 1, authority[\"epsg\", \"9001\"]], axis[\"east\", east], axis[\"north\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"3857\"]]" );
var ct = ctf.createfromcoordinatesystems(epsg4326, epsg3857);
return ct;
}
/// <summary>
/// 转换地球经纬度到坐标
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "ds" >< /param >
/// <param name= "ct" >< /param >
private static void transcoordinate(dataset ds, icoordinatetransformation ct)
{
foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)
{
if (row[ "x" ] == dbnull.value || row[ "y" ] == dbnull.value) continue ;
var coords = new[] { convert.todouble(row[ "x" ]), convert.todouble(row[ "y" ]) };
coords = ct.mathtransform.transform(coords);
row[ "x" ] = coords[0];
row[ "y" ] = coords[1];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 增加列
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "ds" >< /param >
/// <param name= "columename" >< /param >
/// <param name= "columevalue" >< /param >
private static void addcolumetodataset(dataset ds, string columename, float columevalue)
{
ds.tables[0].columns.add(columename, typeof(float));
foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)
{
row[ "rotation" ] = -columevalue;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 轨迹用点表示
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "ds" >< /param >
/// <param name= "c" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset(dataset ds, color c)
{
var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid" , "x" , "y" );
var xlslayer = new vectorlayer( "xls" , xlsprovider)
{ style = new vectorstyle() { pointcolor = new solidbrush(c) } };
return xlslayer;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取带图标的图层
/// < /summary >
/// <param name= "ds" >< /param >
/// <param name= "c" >< /param >
/// <returns>< /returns >
private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset2(dataset ds, color c)
{
var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid" , "x" , "y" );
var xlslayer = new vectorlayer( "xls" , xlsprovider)
{ style = { symbol=properties.resources.redflag} };
return xlslayer;
}
private static labellayer getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(vectorlayer xlslayer, string layername)
{
var xlslabellayer = new labellayer(layername)
{
datasource = xlslayer.datasource,
labelcolumn = "name" ,
//prioritycolumn = "population" ,
style =
{
collisionbuffer = new system.drawing.sizef(2f, 2f),
collisiondetection = true
},
labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection
};
return xlslabellayer;
}
}
public enum maptype {
shapefile = 0,
mapinfo = 1,
runline = 2, // 运行轨迹
static = 3 // 定点数据
}
}
备注：
1. 因用的mapinfo和shape源文件为源码里面的，所有为英文显示。
源码下载： demosharpmap.rar
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的c# 中sharpmap的简单使用实例详解，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！
原文链接：http://HdhCmsTestcnblogs测试数据/hsiang/archive/2017/08/27/7440950.html
dy("nrwz");
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