rails3 正则路由

rails3 正则路由

2010 - 10 - 16

Rails3 Route用法集锦 文章分类: Ruby编程

默认路由：

Ruby代码

# Rails3:    match  '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'    # Rails2:    map.connect  ':controller/:action/:id'   

# Rails3:
match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'
# Rails2:
map.connect ':controller/:action/:id'

正则路由：

Ruby代码

# Rails3:    match  'products/:id' ,  :to  =>  'catalog#view'    # Rails2:    map.connect  'products/:id' ,  :controller  =>  'catalog' ,  :action  =>  'view'   

# Rails3:
match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'
# Rails2:
map.connect 'products/:id', :controller => 'catalog', :action => 'view'

命名路由：

Ruby代码

# Rails3:    match  'logout' ,  :to  =>  'sessions#destroy' ,  :as  =>  'logout'    # Rails2:    map.logout  'logout' ,  :controller  =>  'sessions' ,  :action  =>  ''   

# Rails3:
match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'
# Rails2:
map.logout 'logout', :controller => 'sessions', :action => ''

根路由：

Ruby代码

# Rails3:    root =>  'welcome#show'    # Rails2:    map.root  :controller  =>  'welcome' ,  :action  =>  'show'   

# Rails3:
root => 'welcome#show'
# Rails2:
map.root :controller => 'welcome', :action => 'show'

路由简写技巧：
:to 键的省略:

Ruby代码

match  'account'  =>  'account#index'    # 相当于：    match  'account' ,  :to  =>  'account#index'       match  'info'  =>  'projects#info' ,  :as  =>  'info'   

match 'account' => 'account#index'
# 相当于：
match 'account', :to => 'account#index'

match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'

注意：
:as 在rails3中是改变 helper， 在rails2中是改变 path

当路径和控制器(及action)一至时，可省略指派控制器部分

Ruby代码

match  'account/overview'    # 相当于：    match  'account/overview' ,  :to  =>  'account#overview'   

match 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'

Verb路由
当需要限制http请求方法的时候通过键 :via ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：

Ruby代码

get  'account/overview'    # 相当于：    match  'account/overview' ,  :via  =>  'get'       match  'account/setup' ,  :via  => [ :get ,  :post ]   # 支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法   

get 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'

match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]
# 支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法

resources路由：

Ruby代码

resources  :posts ,  :except  => [ :index ]   resources  :posts ,  :only  => [ :new ,  :create ]      # edit_post GET    /posts/:id/modify(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}    resources  :posts ,  :path_names  => {  :edit  =>  'modify'  }       resources  :projects   do      resources  :tasks ,  :people    end       resources  :products   do      collection  do        get   :sold        post  :on_offer ,  :search       end      get  :buy ,  :on  =>  :member      post  :batch ,  :on  =>  :collection    end       resource  :session   do      get  :create    end   

resources :posts, :except => [:index]
resources :posts, :only => [:new, :create]

# edit_post GET    /posts/:id/modify(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
resources :posts, :path_names => { :edit => 'modify' } 

resources :projects do
  resources :tasks, :people
end

resources :products do
  collection do
    get  :sold
    post :on_offer, :search
  end
  get :buy, :on => :member
  post :batch, :on => :collection
end

resource :session do
  get :create
end

:shallow用法：
Rails3中的shallow用法与Rails2中一致

Ruby代码

resources  :blogs ,  :shallow  =>  true   do      resources  :comments    end   

resources :blogs, :shallow => true do
  resources :comments
end

使用:shallow前后相同部分：
blog_comments GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"index"} blog_comments POST /blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"create"} new_blog_comment GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments/new(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"new"} blogs GET /blogs(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"index"} blogs POST /blogs(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"create"} new_blog GET /blogs/new(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"new"} edit_blog GET /blogs/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"edit"} blog GET /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"show"} blog PUT /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"update"} blog DELETE /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"destroy"}  

使用:shallow前后不同部分：
不使用shallow选项：
edit_blog_comment GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"} blog_comment GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"} blog_comment PUT /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"} blog_comment DELETE /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}

使用shallow选项后：
edit_comment GET /comments/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"} comment GET /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"} comment PUT /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"} comment DELETE /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}
可以看出使用shallow选项后，对于已经存在的资源使用简化方式操作，具体行为涉及到 edit\show\update\destroy 四种
另外，shallow选项的有效范围是对自身及嵌套的资源都有效，如下面这个例子：

Ruby代码

resources  :publishers   do      resources  :magazines   do        resources  :albums ,  :shallow  =>  true   do          resources  :photos   do            resources  :images           end         end       end    end   

resources :publishers do
  resources :magazines do
    resources :albums, :shallow => true do
      resources :photos do
        resources :images
      end
    end
  end
end

这个例子中 albums、photos、images 都会使用简化方式，而 magazines 不会。特别注意：这种嵌套方式极不推荐，一般嵌套的层级最好不要超过一级

scope路由
:path 改变Path，:module 改变Controller, :name_prefix || :as 改变  helper

Ruby代码

scope  'admin'   do      resources  :posts    end    # 行当于：    scope  :path  =>  'admin'   do      resources  :posts    end   

scope 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 行当于：
scope :path => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：
posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"} posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"} new_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"} edit_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"} post GET /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"} post PUT /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"} post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

Ruby代码

scope  :module  =>  'admin'   do      resources  :posts    end    # 相当于：    resources  :posts ,  :module  =>  'admin'   

scope :module => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :module => 'admin'

生成路由：
posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"} posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"} new_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"} edit_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"} post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"} post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"} post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

Ruby代码

scope  :name_prefix  =>  'admin'   do      resources  :posts    end    # 相当于：    resources  :posts ,  :name_prefix  =>  'admin'   

scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'

生成路由：
admin_posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"} admin_posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"} new_admin_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"} edit_admin_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"} admin_post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"} admin_post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"} admin_post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

Ruby代码

scope  'admin' ,  :module  =>  'admin' ,  :name_prefix  =>  'admin'   do      resources  :posts    end    # 相当于：    namespace  'admin'   do       resources  :posts    end   

scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
namespace 'admin' do 
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：
admin_posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"} admin_posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"} new_admin_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"} edit_admin_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"} admin_post GET /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"} admin_post PUT /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"} admin_post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

在路由中定义跳转：

Ruby代码

match  "/posts/github"  => redirect( "http://github.com/rails.atom" )      # 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s    match  "/foo/:id" ,  :to  => redirect( "/bar/%{id}s" )        # /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins    match  'account/proc/:name' ,  :to  => redirect {|params|    "/#{params[:name].pluralize}"  }      match  "/stories"  => redirect {|p, req|  "/posts/#{req.subdomain}"  }   

match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")

# 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")  

# /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params| 
"/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }

match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" } 

路由中的限制：

Ruby代码

# 限制 id 只能为数字    match  "/posts/show/:id" ,  :to  =>  "posts#index" ,  :id  => /\d+/   match  "/posts/show/:id" ,  :to  =>  "posts#index" ,  :constraints  => { :id  => /\d+/}      # 限制子域名    match  "photos" ,  :constraints  => { :subdomain  =>  "admin" }       # 限制访问者 IP    constraints( :ip  => /127.0.0.1/)  do      match   '/questions' ,  :to  => redirect( "http://www.stackoverflow.com/" )   end       # 当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"    match  "/ttt"  => proc{|env| [200, {}, [ "hello test" ]]}, \        :constraints  => { :subdomain  =>  "test" ,  :ip  => /192\.168\.1\.\d+/}   

# 限制 id 只能为数字
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}

# 限制子域名
match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"} 

# 限制访问者 IP
constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do
  match  '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")
end

# 当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, \
    :constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192\.168\.1\.\d+/} 

路由通配符：

Ruby代码

resources  :photos ,  :id  => /\d+/   match  'photos/*other'  =>  'photos#unknown'    #上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒       match  'books/*section/:title'  =>  'books#show'     # 例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".       match  '*a/foo/*b'  =>  'test#index'     # 例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"   

resources :photos, :id => /\d+/
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'
#上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒

match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show' 
# 例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".

match '*a/foo/*b' => 'test#index' 
# 例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"

Rack:

Ruby代码

match  "/foo" ,  :to  => proc {|env| [200, {}, [ "Hello world" ]] }       match  'rocketeer.js'  => ::TestRoutingMapper::RocketeerApp       RocketeerApp = lambda { |env|     [200, { "Content-Type"  =>  "text/html" }, [ "javascripts" ]]   }  

match "/foo", :to => proc {|env| [200, {}, ["Hello world"]] }
 
match 'rocketeer.js' => ::TestRoutingMapper::RocketeerApp
 
RocketeerApp = lambda { |env|
  [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["javascripts"]]
}

参考文档：
http://www.engineyard.com/blog/2010/the-lowdown-on-routes-in-rails-3/
http://www.railsdispatch.com/posts/rails-routing
http://guides.rails.info/routing.html
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/203-routing-in-rails-3
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/231-routing-walkthrough
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/232-routing-walkthrough-part-2

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