WebService是基于XML格式的,返回的默认结果是XML格式,因为它比较通用,几乎任何编程语言、操作系统和应用程序都能方便的读写。几种方法说明如下:
方式一:最简单的例子:
[WebMethod(MessageName = "默认返回对象")]
public User GetXmlByObject()
{
User user = new User() {Id = 1, Name = "张三"};
return user;
}
返回结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<User xmlns="http://tempuri.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><Id>1</Id><Name>张三</Name></User>
方式二:WebService的输入或输出参数可以是对象,它会自动序列化XML格式,如果自己强加序列化一次,返回字符串,结果就是这样:
[WebMethod(MessageName = "构造XML返回")]
public string GetXmlByXml()
{
User user = new User() { Id = 2, Name = "张三丰" };
return SerializeToXml(user);
}
返回结果:
1
2
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><User xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><Id>2</Id><Name>张三丰</Name></User></string>
方式三:随着JSON的流行,更多的网页、移动端都需要JSON格式。于是,就把它序列化JSON串返回(我一直都是这样操作的)
[WebMethod(MessageName = "构造JSON返回")]
public string GetXmlByJson()
{
User user = new User() { Id = 3, Name = "李四" };
//添加Newtonsoft.Json进行序列化
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
}
返回结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">{"Id":3,"Name":"李四"}</string>
方式四:如果将对象反序列化成JSON字符串,返回包含json字符串的XML格式,前端总要有一个解析过程,不是很方便!有没有返回直接是JSON格式的?有。
[WebMethod(MessageName = "Response.Write")]
public void GetXmlByResponse()
{
User user = new User() { Id = 4, Name = "李世民" };
Context.Response.Write(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user));
Context.Response.End();
}
返回结果:
{"Id":4,"Name":"李世民"}
解决方案
上面最后一 种测试虽然能达到效果,但每个接口中都要这样操作,显得有点"笨",当然想要高级的自行车。
第一步,在工程中新建AsmxRequestModule.cs和CatchTextStream.cs文件,并实现它。
AsmxRequestModule代码如下:
public class AsmxRequestModule: IHttpModule
{
public void Init(HttpApplication context)
{
context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
}
public void Dispose()
{
}
public void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
string extension = Path.GetExtension(application.Request.Path);
if (application.Request.Path.IndexOf(".asmx/") > -1)
{
application.Response.Filter = new CatchTextStream(application.Response.Filter);
}
}
}
CatchTextStream代码如下:
public class CatchTextStream: Stream
{
#region 数据流
/// <summary>
/// 数据流
/// </summary>
private readonly Stream output;
#endregion
#region 构造函数
public CatchTextStream(Stream s)
{
output = s;
}
#endregion
#region 重载属性及方法
public override bool CanRead => output.CanRead;
public override bool CanSeek => output.CanSeek;
public override bool CanWrite => output.CanWrite;
public override void Flush()
{
output.Flush();
}
public override long Length => output.Length;
public override long Position
{
get => output.Position;
set => output.Position = value;
}
public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
return output.Read(buffer, offset, count);
}
public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
{
return output.Seek(offset, origin);
}
public override void SetLength(long value)
{
output.SetLength(value);
}
public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
if (HttpContext.Current != null)
{
HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current;
Encoding encoding = context.Response.ContentEncoding;
string responseInfo = encoding.GetString(buffer, offset, count);
responseInfo = responseInfo.Replace("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\r\n<string xmlns=\"http://tempuri.org/\">", "");
responseInfo = responseInfo.Substring(0, responseInfo.Length - 9);
buffer = encoding.GetBytes(responseInfo);
output.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
}
#endregion
}
第二步,修改web.config ,在配置中增加modules配置。
<configuration>
……
<system.webServer>
……
<modules>
<add name="AsmxRequestModule" type="命名空间.AsmxRequestModule"/>
</modules>
……
</system.webServer>
……
</configuration>
第三步,按“构造JSON对象”(第三种)的方式书写接口即可。
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