一个系统中通常会存在如下一些以properties形式存在的配置文件
1.数据库配置文件demo-db.properties：
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database.url=jdbc:mysql: //localhost/smaple database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.driver database.user=root database.password= 123 |
2.消息服务配置文件demo-mq.properties:
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#congfig of activemq mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.activemqinitialcontextfactory mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp: //localhost:61616?sotimeout=30000&connectiontimeout=30000)?jms.useasyncsend=true&timeout=30000 mq.java.naming.security.principal= mq.java.naming.security.credentials= jms.mailnotifyqueue.consumer= 5 |
3.远程调用的配置文件demo-remote.properties：
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remote.ip=localhost remote.port= 16800 remote.servicename=test |
一、系统中需要加载多个properties配置文件
应用场景：properties配置文件不止一个，需要在系统启动时同时加载多个properties文件。
配置方式：
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将多个配置文件读取到容器中，交给spring管理 --> <bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" > <property name= "locations" > <list> <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file --> <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 --> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 使用mq中的配置 --> <bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" > <property name= "environment" > <props> <prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> |
我们也可以将配置中的list抽取出来:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将多个配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id= "propertyresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" > <constructor-arg> <list> <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file --> <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 --> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 将配置文件读取到容器中，交给spring管理 --> <bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" > <property name= "locations" ref= "propertyresources" /> </bean> <!-- 使用mq中的配置 --> <bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" > <property name= "environment" > <props> <prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> |
二、整合多工程下的多个分散的properties
应用场景：工程组中有多个配置文件，但是这些配置文件在多个地方使用，所以需要分别加载。
配置如下：
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:p= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemalocation=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 将db属性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id= "dbresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" > <constructor-arg> <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 将mq属性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id= "mqresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" > <constructor-arg> <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 用spring加载和管理db属性配置文件 --> <bean id= "dbpropertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" > <property name= "order" value= "1" /> <property name= "ignoreunresolvableplaceholders" value= "true" /> <property name= "locations" ref= "dbresources" /> </bean> <!-- 用spring加载和管理mq属性配置文件 --> <bean id= "mqpropertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" > <property name= "order" value= "2" /> <property name= "ignoreunresolvableplaceholders" value= "true" /> <property name= "locations" ref= "mqresources" /> </bean> <!-- 使用db中的配置属性 --> <bean id= "rmsdatasource" class = "org.apache测试数据mons.dbcp.basicdatasource" destroy-method= "close" p:driverclassname= "${demo.db.driver}" p:url= "${demo.db.url}" p:username= "${demo.db.username}" p:password= "${demo.db.password}" pp:maxactive= "${demo.db.maxactive}" p:maxwait= "${demo.db.maxwait}" p:poolpreparedstatements= "true" p:defaultautocommit= "false" > </bean> <!-- 使用mq中的配置 --> <bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" > <property name= "environment" > <props> <prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> |
注意：其中order属性代表其加载顺序，而ignoreunresolvableplaceholders为是否忽略不可解析的 placeholder，如配置了多个propertyplaceholderconfigurer，则需设置为true。这里一定需要按照这种方式设置这两个参数。
三、bean中直接注入properties配置文件中的值
应用场景：bean中需要直接注入properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代码中需要获取上述demo-remote.properties中的值：
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public class client() { private string ip; private string port; private string service; } |
配置如下：
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "<a href=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans</a>" xmlns:xsi= "<a href=" http: //HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" rel="external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance</a>" xmlns:util= "<a href=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util</a>" xsi:schemalocation=" <a href= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" rel= "external nofollow" rel= "external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans</a> <a href= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" rel= "external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans- 3.0 .xsd</a> <a href= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util" rel= "external nofollow" rel= "external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util</a> <a href= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd" rel= "external nofollow" >http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/util/spring-util- 3.0 .xsd</a>"> <!-- 这种加载方式可以在代码中通过 @value 注解进行注入, 可以将配置整体赋给properties类型的类变量，也可以取出其中的一项赋值给string类型的类变量 --> <!-- <util:properties/> 标签只能加载一个文件，当多个属性文件需要被加载的时候，可以使用多个该标签 --> <util:properties id= "remotesettings" location= "file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" /> <!-- <util:properties/> 标签的实现类是propertiesfactorybean， 直接使用该类的bean配置，设置其locations属性可以达到一个和上面一样加载多个配置文件的目的 --> <bean id= "settings" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" > <property name= "locations" > <list> <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> </beans> |
client类中使用annotation如下：
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value; public class client() { @value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.ip']}" ) private string ip; @value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.port']}" ) private string port; @value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.servicename']}" ) private string service; } |
四、bean中存在properties类型的类变量
应用场景：当bean中存在properties类型的类变量需要以注入的方式初始化
1. 配置方式：我们可以用（三）中的配置方式，只是代码中注解修改如下
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; public class client() { @value ( "#{remotesettings}" ) private properties remotesettings; } |
2. 配置方式：也可以使用xml中声明bean并且注入
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation=" http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 可以使用如下的方式声明properties类型的factorybean来加载配置文件，这种方式就只能当做properties属性注入，而不能获其中具体的值 --> <bean id= "remoteconfigs" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" > <property name= "locations" > <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 远端调用客户端类 --> <bean id= "client" class = "com.demo.remote.client" > <property name= "properties" ref= "remoteconfigs" /> </bean> </beans> |
代码如下：
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; public class client() { //@autowired也可以使用 private properties remotesettings; //getter setter } |
上述的各个场景在项目群中特别有用，需要灵活的使用上述各种配置方式。
在很多情况下我们需要在配置文件中配置一些属性，然后注入到bean中，spring提供了 org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer 类，可以方便我们使用注解直接注入properties文件中的配置。
下面我们看下具体如何操作：
首先要新建maven项目，并在pom文件中添加spring依赖，如下pom.xml文件：
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<project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation= "http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelversion> 4.0 . 0 </modelversion> <groupid>cn.outofmemory</groupid> <artifactid>hellospring.properties.annotation</artifactid> <version> 0.0 . 1 -snapshot</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>hellospring.properties.annotation</name> <url>http: //maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf- 8 </project.build.sourceencoding> <org.springframework-version> 3.0 . 0 .rc2</org.springframework-version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>junit</groupid> <artifactid>junit</artifactid> <version> 3.8 . 1 </version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-context</artifactid> <version>${org.springframework-version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> |
要自动注入properties文件中的配置，需要在spring配置文件中添加 org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean 和 org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer 的实例配置：
如下spring配置文件appcontext.xml
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://HdhCmsTestw3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:context= "http://HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemalocation="http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context http: //HdhCmsTestspringframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd "> <!-- bean annotation driven --> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base- package = "cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation" > </context:component-scan> <bean id= "configproperties" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" > <property name= "locations" > <list> <value>classpath*:application.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer" > <property name= "properties" ref= "configproperties" /> </bean> </beans> |
在这个配置文件中我们配置了注解扫描，和 configproperties 实例和 propertyconfigurer 实例。这样我们就可以在java类中自动注入配置了，我们看下java类中如何做：
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package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value; import org.springframework.stereotype测试数据ponent; @component public class mysqlconnectioninfo { @value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.url']}" ) private string url; @value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.username']}" ) private string username; @value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.password']}" ) private string password; /** * @return the url */ public string geturl() { return url; } /** * @return the username */ public string getusername() { return username; } /** * @return the password */ public string getpassword() { return password; } } |
自动注入需要使用@value注解，这个注解的格式 #{configproperties['mysql.url']} 其中configproperties是我们在appcontext.xml中配置的beanid，mysql.url是在properties文件中的配置项。
properties文件的内容如下：
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mysql.url=mysql's url mysql.username=mysqluser mysql.password=mysqlpassword |
最后我们需要测试一下以上写法是否有问题，如下app.java文件内容：
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package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation; import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.annotationconfigapplicationcontext; import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext; /** * hello world! * */ public class app { public static void main( string[] args ) { applicationcontext appcontext = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext( "appcontext.xml" ); mysqlconnectioninfo conninfo = appcontext.getbean(mysqlconnectioninfo. class ); system.out.println(conninfo.geturl()); system.out.println(conninfo.getusername()); system.out.println(conninfo.getpassword()); } } |
在main方法中首先声明了appcontext，然后获得了自动注入的mysqlconnectioninfo的实例，然后打印出来，运行程序会输出配置文件中配置的值
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，谢谢大家对的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26562641/article/details/54601085
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