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Oracle 12c安装方法及一些使用问题

Linux Centos6.5 64bit下安装oracle12c:

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groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

mkdir -p /u01/oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle

(这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle,默认也可。)

把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下

[root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/

[root@oracle skel]# ll -a

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc

注:useradd添加用户时,会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录

password oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01/

/*安装vnc*/

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yum -y install tigervnc-server

vncserver 回车

输入密码

ps -ef | grep vnc

vnc客户端连接:ip:1

检测是否有安装以下程序:

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binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 -

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 -

gcc-4.1.2 -

gcc-c++-4.1.2 -

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214 -

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106 -

libgcc-4.1.2

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 -

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

unixODBC-2.2.11 -

unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 -

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件,加上如下参数

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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

为使上述配置生效而不重启系统,执行如下命令
# /sbin/sysctl -p

修改用户限制

root用户:修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件,加上下面的参数

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oracle   soft nproc 2047

oracle   hard nproc 16384

oracle   soft nofile 1024

oracle   hard nofile 65536

修改用户验证选项
root用户下:修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数

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session required  pam_limits.so

修改用户配置文件
root用户下:修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数:

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if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

     ulimit -p 16384

     ulimit -n 65536

   else

     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

   fi

fi

修改oracle用户bash_profile:
$ vi .bash_profile
增加如下内容,主要是修改

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export ORACLE_BASE=/u01

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=hxw168

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

安装oracle:

安装oracle无法使用命令/usr/bin/xdpyinfo自动检查显示器颜色:

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[root@oracle /] # xdpyinfo | grep "name of display"

name of display: :1.0

[root@oracle /] #

在Oracle用户下执行命令:

export DISPLAY=:1.0 (上面name of display:后面的 :1.0)

prvf-0002:无法检索本地节点名

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host文件 ip与名称对应

192.168.198.188 oracle

SQL> create user admin identified by zerostudy;
create user admin identified by zerostudy
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name


SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//

解决方法: http://www.tuohang.net/article/44197.html

调整虚拟机的内存到600多M(原来1G多),启动oracle时提示:
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

SQL> !oerr ora 00854
00854, 00000, "ASM IOServer Instance Fence monitor process terminated."
// *Cause: The ASM IOServer Fence monitor process died.
// *Action: Warm start the instance.

原因就是Linux系统的shm的大小比SGA设置的小造成的。
可以调整shm的大小:
vi /etc/fstab
修改如下行的设置
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=6G 0 0
重新mount下shm使其生效
mount -o remount /dev/shm

TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

需要更改listener.ora文件(跟径在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin),然后重启lsnrctl

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# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

#LISTENER =

# (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

# (DESCRIPTION =

#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))

# )

# )

hxw168 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

  (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))

  )

  )

  SID_LIST_hxw168=

  (SID_LIST =

  (SID_DESC=

   (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1)

   (SID_NAME = hxw168)

  )

  )

oracle简单的启动脚本:

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[root@oracle ~] # cat /etc/init.d/oracle

su - oracle <<EOF

lsnrctl start

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup

EOF

本文出自 [尽管错,让我错到死!] 博客

原文链接:http://hxw168.blog.51cto.com/8718136/1424422

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