java实现图书管理系统

本文通过实例为大家分享了java实现图书管理系统的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

一、背景介绍

通过一段时间java编程的学习，需要一个比较综合的实例来进行编程的练习，是一个对前段时间所学内容进行总合提升的一个契机。选择了图书管理系统，会用到的javaSE知识有：变量、包、继承、类、接口、循环结构等。是一个很综合的典例。

二、核心需求

1.用户可以登录到系统上 分为 管理员、普通用户两种角色，这两种不同的角色根据自己的身份可以实现不同的操作。

普通用户

a）查阅某个书籍的信息
b）借阅书籍
c)   归还书籍
d）退出程序

管理员

a）查阅某个书籍的信息
b）增加书籍
c)   删除书籍
d）查看书籍列表
e）退出程序

程序框架结构图

三、代码以及详解

1.User类

package booksystem ;   import booksystem . operation . IOperation ;   abstract public class User { protected String name ; //定义书名 protected IOperation [] operations ; //定义一个接口数组 public abstract int menu (); //是用户和管理员的父类，不进行实例化，所以定义为抽象方法   public void doOperation ( int choice , BookList bookList ){ IOperation operation = this . operations [ choice - 1 ]; operation . work ( bookList ); } }

User类是NormalUser类和Admin类的父类，由于不需要实例化，将menu（）函数定义为了抽象函数。

2.NormalUser类

package booksystem ;   import booksystem . operation .*; import booksystem . operation . IOperation ;   import java . util . Scanner ;   public class NormalUser extends User {   public NormalUser ( String name ) { this . name = name ; this . operations = new IOperation [] { new FindOperation (), new BorrowOperation (), new ReturnOperation (), new ExitOperation (), }; } @Override public int menu (){ System . out . println ( "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" ); System . out . println ( "Hello" + name + "Welcome to use booksyetem" ); System . out . println ( "1.查阅书籍信息" ); System . out . println ( "2.借阅书籍" ); System . out . println ( "3.归还书籍" ); System . out . println ( "4.退出系统" ); System . out . println ( "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" ); System . out . println ( "请输入您的选择：" ); Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); int choice = scanner . nextInt (); return choice ; //返回一个整型数 } }

NormalUser类针对与普通用户而编写，在代码中定义了一个接口数组，在其中添加了普通用户需要用到的查阅、借阅、归还、退出系统的四大功能，在menu（）函数中也按照同样的顺序，menu（）函数是重写父类的，所以为了提醒编译器，在函数头前加上了 @Override进行提示。

3.Admin类

package booksystem ;   import booksystem . operation .*;   import java . util . Scanner ;   public class Admin extends User { public Admin ( String name ){ this . name = name ; this . operations = new IOperation []{ new FindOperation (), new AddOperation (), new DelOperation (), new DisplayOperation (), new ExitOperation (), }; } @Override public int menu (){ System . out . println ( "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" ); System . out . println ( "Hello" + name + "Welcome to use booksyetem" ); System . out . println ( "1.查阅书籍信息" ); System . out . println ( "2.新增书籍信息" ); System . out . println ( "3.删除书籍信息" ); System . out . println ( "4.退出系统" ); System . out . println ( "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" ); System . out . println ( "请输入您的选择：" ); Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); int choice = scanner . nextInt (); return choice ; } }

Admin类编写的思路和NormalUser类的思路相同，区别在于用户界面的不同，对应要使用的功能也不同，分别是查阅、新增、删除和退出系统。

4.Book类

package booksystem ;   public class Book { private String name ; private String author ; private double price ; private String type ; private boolean isBorrowed = false ;   public Book ( String name , String author , double price , String type ) { this . name = name ; this . author = author ; this . price = price ; this . type = type ; }   @Override public String toString () { return "Book{" + "name=" + name + '\'' + ",author" + author + '\'' + ",price=" + price + ",type='" + '\'' + type + '\'' + ",isBorrow=" + isBorrowed + '}' ; }   public String getName () { return name ; }   public boolean isBorrowed (){ return isBorrowed ; }   public void setBorrowed ( boolean borrowed ){ isBorrowed = borrowed ; }   }

Book类针对书籍，定义了有关书的属性，作者、价格、名字、类别，重写了toString函数，以及对于书的几个常用的操作功能函数，getName，以及判读是否借出和定义书籍借出状态的函数。

5.BookList类

package booksystem ;   public class BookList { private Book [] books = new Book [ 100 ]; //定义一book数组 private int size = 0 ;   public BookList (){ books [ 0 ]= new Book ( "计算机网络教程" , "郝文源" , 125 , "专业书籍" ); books [ 1 ]= new Book ( "盗墓笔记" , "南派三叔" , 150 , "网络小说" ); books [ 2 ]= new Book ( "三体" , "刘慈欣" , 178 , "科幻小说" ); size = 3 ; } //给book数组中初始化一些书 public Book getBook ( int index ){ return books [ index ]; } public void setBook ( int index , Book book ) { books [ index ]= book ; } public int getSize (){ return size ; } public void setSize ( int size ){ this . size = size ; } }

BookList类中定义了一个book数组，并给数组中初始化了一些书，定义了常用的功能函数

6.Main类

package booksystem ;   import java . util . Scanner ; public class Main { public static void main ( String [] args ){ Object o = null ; BookList booklist = new BookList ();   User user = login (); //上转型，这里先调用了login（）函数，返回一个Admin对象或NormalUser对象   while ( true ){ int choice = user . menu (); user . doOperation ( choice , booklist ); } //在进行退出系统的功能时，会一直进行循环，menu（）函数最终会返回一个整型数，对应选择操作中的一项 }   public static User login () { System . out . println ( "请输入您的姓名" ); Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); String name = scanner . next (); System . out . println ( "请输入您的角色：1 管理员 0 普通用户" ); //根据不同的选择创建对应的对象 int who = scanner . nextInt (); if ( who == 1 ) { return new Admin ( name ); } return new NormalUser ( name ); } }

主函数中主要实现了login（）函数，根据登录系统用户的选择，决定不同的身份，返回两种对象中的一种，在while循环中，只要不进行exit功能，循环便会一直执行。

7.IOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   public interface IOperation { void work ( BookList bookList ); }

9.AddOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . Book ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   import java . util . Scanner ;   public class AddOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ){ Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); System . out . println ( "新增书籍" ); System . out . println ( "请输入新书籍的名称" ); String name = scanner . next (); System . out . println ( "请输入新书籍的作者" ); String author = scanner . next (); System . out . println ( "请输入新书籍的价格" ); double price = scanner . nextDouble (); System . out . println ( "请输入新书籍的类别" ); String type = scanner . next (); Book newBook = new Book ( name , author , price , type ); int curSize = bookList . getSize (); bookList . setBook ( curSize , newBook ); bookList . setSize ( curSize + 1 ); System . out . println ( "新增书籍成功" ); } }

10.BorrowOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . Book ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   import java . util . Scanner ;   public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); System . out . println ( "借阅书籍" ); System . out . println ( "请输入要借阅的书籍的名称" ); String name = scanner . next ();   int i = 0 ; for (; i < bookList . getSize (); i ++) { if ( bookList . getBook ( i ). getName (). equals ( name )){ break ; } } if ( i >= bookList . getSize ()){ System . out . println ( "未找到指定的书籍，无法借阅！" ); return ; } Book currentBook = bookList . getBook ( i ); if ( currentBook . isBorrowed ()){ System . out . println ( "该书籍已经被借出！" ); return ; } bookList . getBook ( i ). setBorrowed ( true ); System . out . println ( "借书成功！" ); }   }

11.DelOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   import java . util . Scanner ;   public class DelOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); System . out . println ( "删除书籍" ); System . out . println ( "请输入要删除的书籍的名称" ); String name = scanner . next ();   int i = 0 ; for (; i < bookList . getSize (); i ++) { if ( bookList . getBook ( i ). getName (). equals ( name )){ break ; } } if ( i >= bookList . getSize ()){ System . out . println ( "您输入的书籍在+" + name + "在系统中没有找到！删除失败！" ); return ; } if ( i == bookList . getSize ()- 1 ) { bookList . setSize ( bookList . getSize ()- 1 ); System . out . println ( "删除成功！" ); return ; } bookList . setBook ( i , bookList . getBook ( bookList . getSize ()- 1 )); bookList . setSize ( bookList . getSize ()- 1 ); System . out . println ( "删除成功！" ); } }

13.ExitOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   public class ExitOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ) { System . out . println ( "退出程序" ); System . exit ( 0 ); } }

14.FindOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   public class ExitOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ) { System . out . println ( "退出程序" ); System . exit ( 0 ); } }

15.ReturnOperation

package booksystem . operation ;   import booksystem . BookList ;   import booksystem . Book ; import java . util . Scanner ;   public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation { @Override public void work ( BookList bookList ){ Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in ); System . out . println ( "归还书籍" ); System . out . println ( "请输入要还的书籍的名称" ); String name = scanner . next (); int i = 0 ; for (; i < bookList . getSize (); i ++) { Book book = bookList . getBook ( i ); if ( book . getName (). equals ( i )) { break ; } } if ( i >= bookList . getSize ()) { System . out . println ( "书籍没有找到，无法归还" ); return ; } Book currentBook = bookList . getBook ( i ); if (! currentBook . isBorrowed ()) { System . out . println ( "这本书没有借出，无法归还" ); } currentBook . setBorrowed ( false ); System . out . println ( "归还书籍成功" ); return ; } }

四、编程截图及测试图

包和类放置图

运行截图

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45742383/article/details/114379869

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