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java如何创建普通二叉树

java创建二叉树

这段时间一直在复习数据结构的知识。

从最基础的开始,实现一个普通的二叉树。但发现也不那么简单。因为之前学数据结构时是用C语言写的。

指针用来对结构体的值操作比较好理解。但java没有指针。

而Node节点在方法中传递的是地址。

如果直接对形参进行new操作是错误的。无法改变实参的值的。这一点坑了我很久,然后一顿查资料。

时隔很久,终于填上这个坑了

下面是以递归创建的二叉树.还有一些常见的遍历和树的高度与树的最大宽度.

一个方法不能修改一个基本数据类型的参数 一个方法可以修改一个对象参数的状态 一个方法不能实现让对象参数引用一个新对象(这句话在这里尤为适用)

代码中的二叉树如下图

下面是非常简单的实现

这里为了,后面的输出格式,使用了JDK的动态代理。并写了一个接口

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package test.tree;

public interface AbstractBinaryTree {

  void printPostOder();

  void printPostOderByRecursion();

  void printPreOder();

  void printPreOderByRecursion();

  void printInOderByRecursion();

  void printInOder();

  void printHeight();

  void printMaxWidth();

  void printLevelOrder();

}

主要的代码

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package test.tree;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.Stack;

 

/**

  * 为了方便展示,并没有将Node属性私有

  */

 

class Node {

     public String data;

     public Node left = null ;

     public Node right = null ;

     public boolean flag;

 

     Node(String data) {

         this .data = data;

     }

 

     Node() {

     }

     @Override

     public String toString() {

         return this .data;

     }

}

 

public class BinaryTree implements AbstractBinaryTree{

     private Node root = new Node();

     public Node getRoot() {

         return root;

     }

 

     public void printNode(Node node) {

 

         if (node.data == null ) {

             System.out.print( "" );

         } else {

             System.out.print(node.data);

         }

     }

 

     public BinaryTree(String tree) {

         String[] treeNodes = tree.split( "," );

         createTreeByRecursion(treeNodes);

     }

 

     private int createTreeByRecursion(Node node, String[] treeNodes, int n) {

         if ( "#" .equals(treeNodes[n]))

             return n + 1 ;

         node.data = treeNodes[n];

         node.left = new Node();

         int left = createTreeByRecursion(node.left, treeNodes, n + 1 );

         node.right = new Node();

         int right = createTreeByRecursion(node.right, treeNodes, left);

         return right;

     }

 

     public void createTreeByRecursion(String[] treeNodes) {

         createTreeByRecursion(root, treeNodes, 0 );

     }

 

     /**

      * 先序非递归创建

      */

     public void createTree(String[] treeNodes) {

         Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();

         int index = 0 ;

         Node node = root;

         while (index < treeNodes.length) {

             while ( true ) {

 

                 if ( "#" .equals(treeNodes[index])) {

 

                     node = stack.pop();

 

                     if (node.flag == false ) {

                         node.left = null ;

                         node.flag = true ;

                         stack.push(node);

                     } else {

                         node.right = null ;

                     }

 

                     // 记得加1

                     index++;

                     break ;

                 }

 

                 if (node.flag == true ) {

                     node.right = new Node();

                     node = node.right;

                 }

 

                 node.data = treeNodes[index];

                 stack.push(node);

                 node.left = new Node();

                 node = node.left;

                 index++;

             }

 

             if (node.flag == false ) {

                 stack.push(node);

                 node.flag = true ;

                 node = node.right;

             } else {

                 node = stack.peek();

                 node.flag = true ;

             }

         }

     }

 

     // 递归调用的方法,需要将root传递进去

     private void printPreOderByRecursion(Node node) {

         if (node == null )

             return ;

         printNode(node);

         printPreOderByRecursion(node.left);

         printPreOderByRecursion(node.right);

     }

 

     public void printPreOderByRecursion() {

         printPreOderByRecursion(root);

     }

 

     private void printInOderByRecursion(Node node) {

 

         if (node == null )

             return ;

 

         printInOderByRecursion(node.left);

         printNode(node);

         printInOderByRecursion(node.right);

     }

 

     public void printInOderByRecursion() {

         printInOderByRecursion(root);

     }

 

     private void printPostOderByRecursion(Node node) {

 

         if (node == null )

             return ;

         printPostOderByRecursion(node.left);

         printPostOderByRecursion(node.right);

         printNode(node);

     }

 

     public void printPostOderByRecursion() {

         printPostOderByRecursion(root);

     }

 

     // 非递归遍历二叉树

 

     // 先序遍历

     public void printPreOder() {

         Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();

         Node tempNode = root;

         while ( true ) {

             while (tempNode != null ) {

                 printNode(tempNode);

                 stack.push(tempNode);

                 tempNode = tempNode.left;

             }

 

             if (stack.isEmpty()) {

                 break ;

             }

             tempNode = stack.pop();

             tempNode = tempNode.right;

         }

     }

 

     // 中序遍历

     public void printInOder() {

         Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();

         Node tempNode = root;

         while ( true ) {

             while (tempNode != null ) {

                 stack.push(tempNode);

                 tempNode = tempNode.left;

             }

 

             if (stack.isEmpty()) {

                 break ;

             }

             tempNode = stack.pop();

             printNode(tempNode);

             tempNode = tempNode.right;

         }

     }

 

     // 后序遍历

     public void printPostOder() {

         Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();

         Node tempNode = root;

         while ( true ) {

 

             while (tempNode != null ) {

                 if (tempNode.flag == true ) {

                     tempNode = tempNode.right;

                 } else {

                     stack.push(tempNode);

                     tempNode = tempNode.left;

                 }

             }

 

             tempNode = stack.pop();

             if (tempNode.flag == false ) {

                 stack.push(tempNode);

                 tempNode.flag = true ;

                 tempNode = tempNode.right;

             } else {

                 printNode(tempNode);

                 if (stack.isEmpty()) {

                     break ;

                 }

                 tempNode = stack.peek();

                 tempNode.flag = true ;

             }

         }

     }

 

     // 层序遍历 利用队列

     public void printLevelOrder() {

         Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();

         Node tempNode = root;

         queue.offer(tempNode);

         while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

             Node topNode = queue.poll();

             if (topNode == null )

                 continue ;

             printNode(topNode);

             queue.offer(topNode.left);

             queue.offer(topNode.right);

         }

     }

 

     // 树高 递归,分别求出左子树的深度、右子树的深度,两个深度的较大值+1

     public int getHeightByRecursion(Node node) {

         if (node == null ) {

             return 0 ;

         }

         int left = getHeightByRecursion(node.left);

         int right = getHeightByRecursion(node.right);

         return 1 + Math.max(left, right);

     }

 

     /**

      * 为什么不直接写成调用 root,而是另写一个方法去调用呢 因为,这样可以不再为root,单独设置一个临时变量去存贮

      * 而且也固定外部调用的方法,而不用关心内部的实现

      */

 

     public void printHeight() {

         int height = getHeightByRecursion(root);

         System.out.print(height);

     }

 

     // 利用层序遍历,得到树的最大宽度

     public void printMaxWidth() {

         Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();

         Queue<Node> queueTemp = new LinkedList<>();

 

         int maxWidth = 1 ;

         Node tempNode = root;

         queue.offer(tempNode);

         while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

             while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

                 Node topNode = queue.poll();

                 if (topNode == null )

                     continue ;

                 if (topNode.left.data != null ) {

                     queueTemp.offer(topNode.left);

                 }

 

                 if (topNode.right.data != null ) {

                     queueTemp.offer(topNode.right);

                 }

             }

 

             maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, queueTemp.size());

             queue = queueTemp;

             queueTemp = new LinkedList<>();

         }

         System.out.print(maxWidth);

     }

}

下面是写的测试类

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package test.tree;

import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

public class BinaryTreeTest {

 

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         String treeStr = "A,B,D,#,#,#,C,#,E,#,#" ;

         // String treeStr = "A,#,#";

         AbstractBinaryTree binaryTree =  BinaryTreeTest.proxyBinaryTree(treeStr);

         binaryTree.printPostOder();

         binaryTree.printPostOderByRecursion();

         binaryTree.printPreOder();

         binaryTree.printPreOderByRecursion();

         binaryTree.printInOderByRecursion();

         binaryTree.printInOder();

         binaryTree.printLevelOrder();

         binaryTree.printHeight();

         binaryTree.printMaxWidth();

     }

 

     public static AbstractBinaryTree proxyBinaryTree(String treeStr) {     

         AbstractBinaryTree binaryTree = new BinaryTree(treeStr);

         Object newProxyInstance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(binaryTree.getClass().getClassLoader(),

                 binaryTree.getClass().getInterfaces(), (proxy, method, args) -> {

                     System.out.println(method.getName());

                     Object invoke = method.invoke(binaryTree, args);

                     System.out.println();

                     return invoke;

                 });

        

         return (AbstractBinaryTree) newProxyInstance;

     }

}

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34120430/article/details/80043472

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