数据库链接
10. PHP最大的特色就是操作数据库的能力特别的强大,PHP提供对多种数据库的支持。
通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。在这一节里我们主要以在互联网上跟PHP一起使用得最多的MySQL数据库为例,介绍一下相关的MySQL数据库的操作函数以及数据库的基本操作等方面的知识。
在MySQL数据库中,我们用来连接数据库的函数有两个,它们分别为:
integer mysql_connect(string host,string user,string password);
integer mysql_pconnect(string host,string user,string password);
mysql_connect函数和mysql_pconnect函数都是对指定主机上MySQL数据库的连接,如果该数据库位于一个不同的端口,则可以在主机名后加上冒号和端口号。函数的参数也可以缺省不填,如果不填参数,默认的主机名是[localhost],用户名为数据库管理员,默认值为[root],密码为空。与数据库连接成功之后,这两个函数都可以返回一个连接号,如果连接失败,则返回一个false值。让我们来看看下面几句语句:
<? $db =mysql_connect( "localhost" , "user" , "password" ); mysql_select_db( "mydb" , $db ); ?>注释:
$db=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password"); 我们将mysql的链接参数,包括主机名、用户名和密码作为mysql_connect()的参数,同时得到返回值为$db,这样,在下面的语句中,我们就可以将变量$db作为一个连接mysql数据库的连接号来使用。
mysql_select_db("mydb",$db); 将PHP程序链接到mydb数据库中,这样程序与数据库的链接就完成了。
10.1 一个简易的数据库留言簿
在完成数据库的链接之后,我们就可以对数据库进行一系列的操作。下面是一个简易的数据库留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):
我假设你机子上的MySQL数据库以及管理MYSQL数据库的工具 Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5都已经安装完成,并且可以正常工作。
我们要做的第一件事情是创建一个留言数据库,假定名字为: mydb。
1、启动浏览器,打开Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5 的管理WEB界面。
2、在[Create new database]文本框内输入数据库名称mydb,然后按create按键。
下一步,我们要在该留言数据库下创建一个数据表,假定名字为: guestbook 。
创建该数据表的命令如下所示:
CREATE TABLE guestbook (ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(250), email CHAR(250), job CHAR(250), comments BLOB, PRIMARY KEY(ID));最后,将下面的留言簿程序挎贝到你机子的可写目录下面,并保存成guestbook.php3文件。就这么简单,你已经有了自己的留言簿了。
10.2 留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):
<?php /* $host : your MySQL-host, usually 'localhost' */ /* $user : your MYSQL-username */ /* $password : your MySQL-password */ /* $database : your MySQL-database */ /* $table : your MySQL-table */ /* $page_title : the title of your guestbook-pages */ /* $admin_mail : email-address of the administrator to send the new entries to */ /* $admin_name : the name of the administrator */ /* $html_mail : say yes if your mail-agent can handle HTML-mail, else say no */ $host = "localhost" ; $user = "" ; $password = "" ; $database = "mydb" ; $table = "guestbook" ; $page_title = "pert guestbook" ; $admin_mail = "pert@21cn测试数据" ; $admin_name = "Webmaster" ; $html_mail = "no" ; ?> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE><?php echo $page_title; ?></TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR= "#FFFFFF" LINK= "#000000" > <FONT FACE= "Verdana" SIZE= "-2" > <? /* connect to the database */ mysql_pconnect( "$host" , "$user" , "$password" ) or die( "Can't connect to the SQL-server" ); mysql_select_db( "$database" ); /* action=view : retrieve data from the database and show it to the user */ if ($action == "view" ) { /* function for showing the data */ function search_it($name) { /* some vars */ global $offset,$total,$lpp,$dir; global $table,$html_mail,$admin_name,$admin_mail; /* select the data to get out of the database */ $query = "SELECT name, email, job, comments FROM $table" ; $result = mysql_query($query); $total= mysql_numrows($result); print "<CENTER><FONT FACE=" Verdana " SIZE=" -2 "><A HREF=" guestbook.php3?action=add " onMouseOver=" window.status= 'Add your name' ; return true " onMouseOut=" window.status= '' ; return true " TITLE=" Add your name ">加入留言</A></FONT></CENTER><br><br>" ; if ($total== 0) { print "<CENTER>此刻没人留言</CENTER><br><br>" ; } elseif ($total> 0) { /* default */ $counter=0; if ($dir== "" ) $dir= "Next" ; $lpp=5; if ($offset==0) $offset=0; if ($dir== "Next" ) { if ($total > $lpp) { $counter=$offset; $offset =$lpp; $num=$offset; if ($num > $total) { $num=$total; } } else { $num=$total; } } elseif ($dir== "Previous" ) { if ($total > $lpp) { $offset-=$lpp; if ($offset < 0) { $offset=0; } $counter=$offset-$lpp; if ($counter < 0) $counter=0; $num=$counter $lpp; } else { $num=$total; } } while ($counter < $num) { $j=0; $j=$counter 1; /* now really grab the data */ $i1=mysql_result($result,$counter, "name" ); $i2=mysql_result($result,$counter, "email" ); $i3=mysql_result($result,$counter, "job" ); $i4=mysql_result($result,$counter, "comments" ); $i4 = stripslashes ( "$i4" ); /* print it in a nice layout */ print "<CENTER>n" ; print "<TABLE WIDTH=400 BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><TR><TD><FONT FACE=" Verdana " SIZE=" -2 ">n" ; print "<HR>n" ; print "<BR><B>Name:</B> $i1n" ; print "<BR><B>email:</B><A HREF=" mailto:$i2 " onMouseOver=" window.status= 'Email $i2' ; return true " onMouseOut=" window.status= '' ; return true " TITLE=" Email $i2 ">$i2</A>n" ; print "<BR><B>Job:</B> $i3n" ; print "<BR><B>Comment:</B>n" ; print "<BR>$i4n" ; print "</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>n" ; print "</CENTER>n" ; $counter ; } } mysql_close(); } /* execute the function */ search_it($name); /* See if we need to put on the NEXT or PREVIOUS buttons */ if ($total > $lpp) { echo( "<form action=" $PHP_SCRIPT " method=" POST ">n" ); /* See if we need a PREVIOUS button */ if ($offset > $lpp) { echo( "<input type=" submit " value=" Previous " name=dir>n" ); } /* See if we need a NEXT button */ if ($offset < $total) { echo( "<input type=" submit " value=" Next " name=dir>n" ); } echo( "<input type=hidden name=" offset " value=" $offset ">n" ); echo( "<input type=hidden name=" name " value=" $name ">n" ); echo( "</form>" ); } } /* action=add : show a form where the user can enter data to add to the database */ elseif($action == "add" ) { ?> <TABLE WIDTH= "460" ALIGN= "CENTER" VALIGN= "TOP" > <TH COLSPAN= "2" ><P>请您填写留言</TH> <FORM NAME= "guestbook" ACTION= "guestbook.php3?action=send" METHOD= "POST" > <TR> <TD ALIGN= "RIGHT" VALIGN= "TOP" > 您的大名:</TD> <TD><INPUT TYPE=text NAME=name></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN= "RIGHT" VALIGN= "TOP" > 您的E-mail:</TD> <TD> <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=email></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN= "RIGHT" VALIGN= "TOP" > 您的工作:</TD> <TD> <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=job></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN= "RIGHT" VALIGN= "TOP" > 您的留言:</TD> <TD> <TEXTAREA NAME=comments COLS=40 ROWS=6></TEXTAREA> <P> <INPUT TYPE=submit VALUE=Submit> <INPUT TYPE=Reset VALUE=Reset> <A ALIGN= "RIGHT" HREF= "guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver= "window.status='Read all comments first';return true" onMouseOut= "window.status='';return true" TITLE= "Read all comments first" ><FONT SIZE= "-2" >先观看所有的留言</FONT></A> </TD> </TR> </FORM> </TABLE> </CENTER> <? } /* action=send : add the data from the user into the database */ elseif($action == "send" ) { /* check if a HTML-mail should be send or a plain/text mail */ if ($html_mail == "yes" ) { mail( "$admin_name <$admin_mail>" , "PHP3 Guestbook Addition" , "<HTML><BODY><FONT FACE=" Century Gothic "><TABLE BORDER=" 0 " WIDTH=" 100% " CELLSPACING=" 4 "><TR>$name ($email) schreef het volgende bericht in het gastenboek :</TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT "> </TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT ">$comments</TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT "> </TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT ">您的留言:</TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP>$name</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT ">您的大名:</TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP>$email</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT ">您的email:</TD><TD ALIGN=" LEFT " NOWRAP>$job</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=" LEFT ">您的工作:</TD></TR></TABLE></BODY></FONT></HTML>" , "From: $name <$email>nReply-To: $name <$email>nContent-type: text/htmlnX-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion()); } /* MySQL really hates it when you try to put things with ' or " characters into a database, so strip these...*/ $comments = addslashes ( "$comments" ); $query = "INSERT INTO guestbook VALUES('','$name', '$email', '$job', '$comments')" ; $result = MYSQL_QUERY($query); ?> <BR><P ALIGN = CENTER>感谢, <?php echo $name; ?>, 您的留言. <BR><P ALIGN = CENTER><A HREF= "guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver= "window.status='View your comment now';return true" onMouseOut= "window.status='';return true" TITLE= "View your comment now" >观看留言</A><BR><BR> <? } /* if there's no action given, then we must show the main page */ else { /* get the number of entries written into the guestbook*/ $query = "SELECT name from guestbook" ; $result = MYSQL_QUERY($query); $number = MYSQL_NUMROWS($result); if ($number == "" ) { $entry = "还没有人留过言" ; } elseif ($number == "1" ) { $entry = "目前留言人数1人" ; } else { $entry = "目前留言人数 $number 人" ; } echo "<CENTER><BR>" ; echo "<P>$entry<BR>" ; echo "<H4><FONT FACE=" Verdana " SIZE=" 3 "><A HREF=" guestbook.php3?action=add " onMouseOver=" window.status= '请您留言' ; return true " onMouseOut=" window.status= '' ; return true " TITLE=" Add your name to our guestbook ">请您留言</A></FONT></H4>" ; if ($number > "" ) { echo "<H4><FONT FACE=" Verdana " SIZE=" 3 "><A HREF=" guestbook.php3?action=view " onMouseOver=" window.status= '观看留言' ; return true " onMouseOut=" window.status= '' ; return true " TITLE=" View the names in our guestbook ">观看留言</A></FONT></H4>" ; } echo "</P></CENTER>" ; } ?> <BR><SMALL><CENTER>版权所有:<A HREF= "http://personal.668.cc/haitang/index.htm" onMouseOver= "window.status='pert';return true" onMouseOut= "window.status='';return true" TITLE= "pert" >无边天际</A></CENTER></SMALL> </FONT> </BODY> </HTML>
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