1、两阶段终止模式介绍
有时候,我们希望提前结束线程,但安全可靠地停止线程,并不是一件容易的事情,如果立即停止线程,会使共享的数据结构处于不一致的状态,如目前已经废弃使用的Thread类的stop方法(它会使线程在抛出 java.lang.ThreadDeath 之后终止线程,即使是在执行 synchronized 方法的时候)。更好的做法是执行完终止处理,再终止线程,即 Two-phase Termination ,两阶段终止模式。
该模式有两个角色:
Terminator ,终止者,负责接收终止请求,执行终止处理,处理完成后再终止自己。 TerminationRequester :终止请求发出者,用来向 Terminator 发出终止请求。
2、Terminator代码演示
该模式示例代码如下:
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public class CounterIncrement extends Thread {
private volatile boolean terminated = false ;
private int counter = 0 ;
private Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); @Override public void run() {
try { while (!terminated) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " " +counter++); Thread.sleep(random.nextInt( 1000 )); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { this .clean(); } }
private void clean() { System.out.println( "do some clean work for the second phase,current counter " +counter);
}
public void close() { this .terminated = true ; this .interrupt(); } } |
3、TerminationRequester
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public class CounterTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { CounterIncrement counterIncrement = new CounterIncrement(); counterIncrement.start();
Thread.sleep(15_000L); //主动清理 counterIncrement.close(); } } |
这段代码可以看出实现两阶段终止模式必须注意的是:
使用线程停止标志和 interrupt 方法,两者缺一不可
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public void close() { this .terminated = true ; this .interrupt(); } |
这里使用了 terminated 作为线程停止标志,变量采用 volatile 修饰,避免了使用显式锁的开销,又保证了内存可见性。线程 run 方法会检查 terminated 属性,如果属性为 true ,就停止线程,但线程可能调用了阻塞方法,处于 wait 状态,任务也就可能永远不会检查 terminated 标志;线程也有可能处于 sleep() 状态,等 sleep 时间过后再执行终止状态,程序的响应性就下降了。你可以把方法改成如下运行,线程停止明显变慢了许多:
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public void close() { terminated = true ; } |
4、模拟客户端或者服务端都可能终止服务的例子
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public class AppServer extends Thread {
private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 12722 ; private final static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool( 10 ); private int port; private volatile boolean start = true ; private List<ClientHandler> clientHandlers = new ArrayList<>(); private ServerSocket server;
public AppServer() { this (DEFAULT_PORT); }
public AppServer( int port) { this .port = port; }
@Override public void run() { try { server = new ServerSocket(port); while (start) { Socket client = server.accept(); ClientHandler clientHandler = new ClientHandler(client); executor.submit(clientHandler); this .clientHandlers.add(clientHandler); }
} catch (IOException e) { //throw new RuntimeException(); } finally { this .dispose(); } }
public void dispose() { System.out.println( "dispose" ); this .clientHandlers.stream().forEach(ClientHandler::stop); this .executor.shutdown(); }
public void shutdown() throws IOException { this .start = false ; this .interrupt(); this .server.close(); } } |
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public class ClientHandler implements Runnable {
private final Socket socket;
private volatile boolean running = true ;
public ClientHandler(Socket socket) { this .socket = socket; }
@Override public void run() {
try (InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream)) { while (running) { String message = br.readLine(); if (message == null ) { break ; } System.out.println( "Come from client >" + message); printWriter.write( "echo " + message+ "\n" ); printWriter.flush(); } } catch (IOException e) { //自动关闭的时候 将running this .running = false ; } finally { this .stop(); }
}
public void stop() { if (!running) { return ; } this .running = false ; try { this .socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
} } } |
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public class AppServerClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException { AppServer server = new AppServer( 12135 ); server.start();
Thread.sleep(20_000L); server.shutdown(); } } |
5、mac telnet模拟客户端输入
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bogon:~ kpioneer$ telnet localhost 12135 Trying :: 1 ... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]' . hello echo hello I love you echo I love you Connection closed by foreign host. |
服务端输出:
Come from client >hello
Come from client >I love you
dispose
总结:
可以看到,在子类使用两阶段终止模式时,其只需要实现各自所需要执行的任务,并且更新当前任务的数量即可。在某些情况下,当前任务的数量也可以不进行更新,比如在进行终止时,不关心当前剩余多少任务需要执行。
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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7023614457683116069
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