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Java多线程 两阶段终止模式Two-Phase Termination Patter

1、两阶段终止模式介绍

有时候,我们希望提前结束线程,但安全可靠地停止线程,并不是一件容易的事情,如果立即停止线程,会使共享的数据结构处于不一致的状态,如目前已经废弃使用的Thread类的stop方法(它会使线程在抛出 java.lang.ThreadDeath 之后终止线程,即使是在执行 synchronized 方法的时候)。更好的做法是执行完终止处理,再终止线程,即 Two-phase Termination ,两阶段终止模式。

该模式有两个角色:

Terminator ,终止者,负责接收终止请求,执行终止处理,处理完成后再终止自己。 TerminationRequester :终止请求发出者,用来向 Terminator 发出终止请求。

2、Terminator代码演示

该模式示例代码如下:

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public class CounterIncrement extends Thread {

 

     private volatile boolean terminated = false ;

 

     private int counter = 0 ;

 

     private Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

     @Override

     public void run() {

 

         try {

             while (!terminated) {

                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " " +counter++);

                 Thread.sleep(random.nextInt( 1000 ));

             }

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         } finally {

             this .clean();

         }

     }

 

     private void clean() {

         System.out.println( "do some clean work for the second phase,current counter " +counter);

 

     }

 

     public void close() {

         this .terminated = true ;

         this .interrupt();

     }

}

3、TerminationRequester

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public class CounterTest {

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

         CounterIncrement counterIncrement = new CounterIncrement();

         counterIncrement.start();

 

         Thread.sleep(15_000L);

         //主动清理

         counterIncrement.close();

     }

}

这段代码可以看出实现两阶段终止模式必须注意的是:

使用线程停止标志和 interrupt 方法,两者缺一不可

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public void close() {

       this .terminated = true ;

       this .interrupt();

   }

这里使用了 terminated 作为线程停止标志,变量采用 volatile 修饰,避免了使用显式锁的开销,又保证了内存可见性。线程 run 方法会检查 terminated 属性,如果属性为 true ,就停止线程,但线程可能调用了阻塞方法,处于 wait 状态,任务也就可能永远不会检查 terminated 标志;线程也有可能处于 sleep() 状态,等 sleep 时间过后再执行终止状态,程序的响应性就下降了。你可以把方法改成如下运行,线程停止明显变慢了许多:

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public void close() {

       terminated = true ;

}

4、模拟客户端或者服务端都可能终止服务的例子

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public class AppServer extends Thread {

 

     private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 12722 ;

     private final static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool( 10 );

     private int port;

     private volatile boolean start = true ;

     private List<ClientHandler> clientHandlers = new ArrayList<>();

     private ServerSocket server;

 

     public AppServer() {

         this (DEFAULT_PORT);

     }

 

     public AppServer( int port) {

         this .port = port;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

         try {

             server = new ServerSocket(port);

             while (start) {

                 Socket client = server.accept();

                 ClientHandler clientHandler = new ClientHandler(client);

                 executor.submit(clientHandler);

                 this .clientHandlers.add(clientHandler);

             }

 

         } catch (IOException e) {

             //throw new RuntimeException();

         } finally {

             this .dispose();

         }

     }

 

     public void dispose() {

         System.out.println( "dispose" );

         this .clientHandlers.stream().forEach(ClientHandler::stop);

         this .executor.shutdown();

     }

 

     public void shutdown() throws IOException {

         this .start = false ;

         this .interrupt();

         this .server.close();

     }

}

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public class ClientHandler implements Runnable {

 

     private final Socket socket;

 

     private volatile boolean running = true ;

 

     public ClientHandler(Socket socket) {

         this .socket = socket;

     }

 

     @Override

     public void run() {

 

 

         try (InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();

              OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

              BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(inputStream));

              PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream)) {

             while (running) {

                 String message = br.readLine();

                 if (message == null ) {

                     break ;

                 }

                 System.out.println( "Come from client >" + message);

                 printWriter.write( "echo " + message+ "\n" );

                 printWriter.flush();

             }

         } catch (IOException e) {

             //自动关闭的时候 将running

             this .running = false ;

         } finally {

             this .stop();

         }

 

     }

 

     public void stop() {

         if (!running) {

             return ;

         }

         this .running = false ;

         try {

             this .socket.close();

 

         } catch (IOException e) {

 

         }

     }

}

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public class AppServerClient {

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {

         AppServer server = new AppServer( 12135 );

         server.start();

 

         Thread.sleep(20_000L);

         server.shutdown();

     }

}

5、mac telnet模拟客户端输入

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bogon:~ kpioneer$ telnet localhost 12135

Trying :: 1 ...

Connected to localhost.

Escape character is '^]' .

hello

echo hello

I love you

echo I love you

Connection closed by foreign host.

服务端输出:

Come from client >hello
Come from client >I love you
dispose

总结:

可以看到,在子类使用两阶段终止模式时,其只需要实现各自所需要执行的任务,并且更新当前任务的数量即可。在某些情况下,当前任务的数量也可以不进行更新,比如在进行终止时,不关心当前剩余多少任务需要执行。

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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7023614457683116069

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