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Java实战之基于TCP实现简单聊天程序

一、如何实现TCP通信

要实现TCP通信需要创建一个服务器端程序和一个客户端程序，为了保证数据传输的安全性，首先需要实现服务器端程序，然后在编写客户端程序。

在本机运行服务器端程序，在远程机运行客户端程序

本机的IP地址：192.168.129.222

远程机的IP地址：192.168.214.213

 

二、编写C/S架构聊天程序

1.编写服务器端程序 - Server.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Server类

package net.hw.network;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
* 功能：服务器端
* 作者：华卫
* 日期：2022年03月18日
*/
public class Server extends JFrame {
  static final int PORT = 8136;
  static final String HOST_IP = "192.168.129.222";

  private JPanel panel1, panel2;
  private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput, txtInputIP;
  private JScrollPane panContent, panInput;
  private JButton btnClose, btnSend;

  private ServerSocket serverSocket;
  private Socket socket;
  private DataInputStream netIn;
  private DataOutputStream netOut;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
      new Server();
  }

  public Server() {
      super("服务器");

      //创建组件
      panel1 = new JPanel();
      panel2 = new JPanel();
      txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);
      txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);
      panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
      panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
      btnClose = new JButton("关闭");
      btnSend = new JButton("发送");

      //添加组件
      getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");
      getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");
      panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));
      panel1.add(panInput);
      panel1.add(panel2);
      panel2.add(btnSend);
      panel2.add(btnClose);

      //设置组件属性
      txtContent.setEditable(false);
      txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));
      txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));
      txtContent.setLineWrap(true);
      txtInput.setLineWrap(true);
      txtInput.requestFocus();
      setSize(450, 350);
      setLocation(50, 200);
      setResizable(false);
      setVisible(true);

      //等候客户请求	
      try {
          txtContent.append("服务器已启动...\n");
          serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT);
          txtContent.append("等待客户请求...\n");
          socket = serverSocket.accept();
          txtContent.append("连接一个客户。\n" + socket + "\n");
          netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
          netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
      } catch (IOException e1) {
          e1.printStackTrace();
      }

      /

      //注册监听器，编写事件代码	
      txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayClientMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayClientMsg();
          }
      });

      panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayClientMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
          public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
              displayClientMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {
          public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
              displayClientMsg();
          }
      });

      btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
              try {

                  String serverMsg = txtInput.getText();
                  if (!serverMsg.trim().equals("")) {
                      txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");
                      netOut.writeUTF(serverMsg);
                  } else {
                      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "服务器", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
                  }

                  txtInput.setText("");
                  txtInput.requestFocus();
              } catch (IOException ie) {
                  ie.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      });

      btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
              try {
                  netIn.close();
                  netOut.close();
                  socket.close();
                  serverSocket.close();
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
              System.exit(0);
          }
      });

      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
          public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
              try {
                  netIn.close();
                  netOut.close();
                  socket.close();
                  serverSocket.close();
              } catch (IOException ie) {
                  ie.printStackTrace();
              }
              System.exit(0);
          }

          public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
              txtInput.requestFocus();
          }
      });
  }

  //显示客户端信息
  void displayClientMsg() {
      try {
          if (netIn.available() > 0) {
              String clientMsg = netIn.readUTF();
              txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");
          }
      } catch (IOException e1) {
          e1.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
}

2.编写客户端程序 - Client.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Client类

package net.hw.network;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
* 功能：客户端
* 作者：华卫
* 日期：2022年03月18日
*/
public class Client extends JFrame {

  private JPanel panel1, panel2;
  private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput;
  private JScrollPane panContent, panInput;
  private JButton btnClose, btnSend;

  private Socket socket;
  private DataInputStream netIn;
  private DataOutputStream netOut;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
      new Client();
  }

  public Client() {
      super("客户端");

      //创建组件
      panel1 = new JPanel();
      panel2 = new JPanel();
      txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);
      txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);
      panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
      panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
      btnClose = new JButton("关闭");
      btnSend = new JButton("发送");

      //添加组件
      getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");
      getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");
      panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));
      panel1.add(panInput);
      panel1.add(panel2);
      panel2.add(btnSend);
      panel2.add(btnClose);

      //设置组件属性
      txtContent.setEditable(false);
      txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));
      txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));
      txtContent.setLineWrap(true);
      txtInput.setLineWrap(true);
      txtInput.requestFocus();
      setSize(450, 350);
      setLocation(550, 200);
      setResizable(false);
      setVisible(true);

      //连接服务器
      try {
          txtContent.append("连接服务器...\n");
          socket = new Socket(Server.HOST_IP, Server.PORT);
          txtContent.append("连接服务器成功。\n" + socket + "\n");
          netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
          netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
      } catch (IOException e1) {
          JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "服务器连接失败！\n请先启动服务器程序！", "客户端", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
          System.exit(1);
      }

      /

      //注册监听器，编写事件代码
      txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayServerMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayServerMsg();
          }
      });

      panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
          public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
              displayServerMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
          public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
              displayServerMsg();
          }
      });

      txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {
          public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
              displayServerMsg();
          }
      });

      btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
              try {

                  String clientMsg = txtInput.getText();
                  if (!clientMsg.trim().equals("")) {
                      netOut.writeUTF(clientMsg);
                      txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");
                  } else {
                      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "客户端", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
                  }

                  txtInput.setText("");
                  txtInput.requestFocus();
              } catch (IOException ie) {
                  ie.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      });

      btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
              try {
                  netIn.close();
                  netOut.close();
                  socket.close();
              } catch (IOException ie) {
                  ie.printStackTrace();
              }
              System.exit(0);
          }
      });

      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
          public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
              try {
                  netIn.close();
                  netOut.close();
                  socket.close();
              } catch (IOException ie) {
                  ie.printStackTrace();
              }
              System.exit(0);
          }

          public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
              txtInput.requestFocus();
          }
      });
  }

  //显示服务端信息
  void displayServerMsg() {
      try {
          if (netIn.available() > 0) {
              String serverMsg = netIn.readUTF();
              txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");
          }
      } catch (IOException e1) {
          e1.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
}

3.测试服务器端与客户端能否通信

在本机[192.168.129.222]上启动服务器端

在远程机[192.168.214.213]上启动客户端

显示连接服务器[192.168.129.222]成功，切换到服务器端查看,显示连接了一个客户[192.168.214.213]

此时，服务器端和客户端就可以相互通信了

4.程序优化思路 - 服务器端采用多线程

其实，很多服务器端程序都是允许被多个应用程序访问的，例如门户网站可以被多个用户同时访问，因此服务器端都是多线程的。

以上就是Java实战之基于TCP实现简单聊天程序的详细内容，更多关于Java TCP聊天程序的资料请关注其它相关文章！

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/howard2005/article/details/123573139

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