简介
本文用实例介绍SpringBoot中RabbitMQ如何绑定交换机(交换器)与队列。
配置方法概述
交换机
下边两种方式等价。
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ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME).durable( true ).build(); |
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new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true , false ) |
队列
下边两种方式等价
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QueueBuilder.durable( "Hi" ).build(); |
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new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true ) |
绑定
下边两种方式等价
注意:第一种的参数并不是字符串。
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BindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue).to(welcomExchange).with( "hello.#" ) new Binding( "Queue@hello" , Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "Exchange@topic.welcome" , "hello.#" , null ) |
法1:配置类(简洁方法)(推荐)
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package com.example.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration public class RabbitMQRouterConfig { public static final String QUEUE_HELLO = "Queue@hello" ; public static final String QUEUE_HI = "Queue@hi" ; public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME = "Exchange@topic.welcome" ; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS = "hello.#" ;
@Autowired private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;
@Bean public Object initBindingTest() { amqpAdmin.declareExchange( new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true , false ));
amqpAdmin.declareQueue( new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true )); amqpAdmin.declareQueue( new Queue(QUEUE_HELLO, true ));
amqpAdmin.declareBinding( new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null ));
return new Object(); } } |
amqpAdmin.declareBinding
需要一个Binding对象作为参数
exchange:交换器名称 type:交换器类型。BuiltinExchangeType枚举类,有以下4中类型交换器:DIRECT([direct]), FANOUT([fanout]), TOPIC([topic]), HEADERS([headers]) durable:设置是否持久化。true:持久化,false:非持久化。持久化可以将交换器存盘,在服务器重启时不会丢失相关消息。 autoDelete:设置是否自动删除。true:自动删除,false:不自动删除。自动删除的前提是至少有一个队列或交换器与这个交换器绑定,之后所有与这个交换器绑定的队列或交换器都与此交换器解绑。 internal:设置是否内置的。true:内置交换器,false:非内置交换器。内置交换器,客户端无法直接发送消息到这个交换器中,只能通过交换器路由到交换器这种方式。 arguments:其他一些结构化参数。如备份交换器:alternate-exchange、超时时间。示例配置超时时间方法:
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Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap(); params.put( "x-message-ttl" , 2000 ); amqpAdmin.declareBinding( new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, params)); |
法2:配置类(繁琐方法)(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
适用于队列和交换器不多时。
代码示例
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package com.lly.order.message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { public final static String QUEUE_DIRECT = "Queue@direct" ; public final static String QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE = "Queue@topic_one" ; public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "Queue@topic_two" ; public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE = "Queue@fanout_one" ; public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO = "Queue@fanout_two" ;
public final static String EXCHANGE_TOPIC = "Exchange@topic" ; public final static String EXCHANGE_FANOUT = "Exchange@fanout" ;
public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE = "hello.key" ; public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO = "*.key" ;
// direct模式队列 @Bean public Queue directQueue() { return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT, true ); }
// topic 订阅者模式队列 @Bean public Queue topicQueueOne() { return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE, true ); } @Bean public Queue topicQueueTwo() { return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true ); }
// fanout 广播者模式队列 @Bean public Queue fanoutQueueOne() { return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE, true ); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() { return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO, true ); }
// topic 交换器 @Bean public TopicExchange topExchange() { return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC); }
// fanout 交换器 @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT); }
// 订阅者模式绑定 @Bean public Binding topicExchangeBingingOne() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE); }
@Bean public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO); }
// 广播模式绑定 @Bean public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange()); }
@Bean public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange()); } } |
法3:使用方配置(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
RabbitMQ的配置最好是统一在一个地方配置,分散配置不利于后期维护。
使用方法
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@Component public class Receiver { @RabbitListener (queues = "hello" ) public void process(String hello) { System.out.println ( "Receiver : " + hello); }
@RabbitListener (bindings = @QueueBinding ( exchange = @Exchange (value = "Exchange@topic.Hello" ,durable = "true" ,type = "topic" ), value = @Queue (value = "Queue@Hello" ,durable = "true" ), key = "key.#" )) public void processMessage1(Message message) { System.out.println(message); } } |
法4:MQ服务端网页(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
使用方法
添加交换器
http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges //例如:Exchange@topic.Hello
添加队列
http://localhost:15672/#/queues //例如:Queue@Hello
交换器添加路由键
http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges=> 点击交换器名字=> Binding=> 添加队列与路由
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/article/details/124996791
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